不同科室护士职业压力和心理健康状况与职业倦怠水平及其关系的研究  

Study on the relationship between occupational stress,mental health and job burnout of nurses in different departments

作　　者：李鑫 王雪[1] 王莹[1] 何学倩[2] 陈曦[3] LI Xin;WANG Xue;WANG Ying;HE Xue-qian;CHEN Xi(Beijing Jishuitan Hospital,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]北京积水潭医院,北京100035 [2]北京大学人民医院,北京100044 [3]北京大学第一医院,北京100083

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2020年第5期412-416,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2015000021467G178)。

摘　　要：目的探讨不同科室护士职业压力、心理健康状态与职业倦怠的关系,以期为提高护士的心理健康水平与工作积极性提供理论依据与现实参考。方法采用护士工作压力源量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、工作倦怠量表对北京市西城区3家医院273名在职护士进行问卷调查。结果门诊护士在工作环境及仪器设备问题、管理及人际关系方面得分比内科、外科护士高,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内科组护士焦虑、抑郁、精神症状情况得分、外科组护士焦虑、抑郁、精神症状情况得分高于门诊组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内科与外科护士之间心理健康水平基本一致,而且心理健康水平比较差;门诊护士工作倦怠程度情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落得分大于内科组和外科组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士职业压力源和工作倦怠有明显的相关性,提示护士心理健康与工作倦怠感有明显的相关性,同样说明心理健康问题会对护士产生工作倦怠感知。结论护士工作压力越大,工作倦怠感越强,对护士职业心理健康影响越大。医院应从管理学角度对护士采取降低或消除职业心理压力的措施,对护士实施心理方面、减压方面训练,以提高护士的工作积极性和自觉性。Objective To explore the relationship between occupational stress,mental health and job burnout of nurses in different departments,in order to provide scientific and evidence for improving nurses’ mental health and work enthusiasm. Methods 273 nurses fromn 3 hospitals in Xicheng District of Beijing were investigated by questionnaires,including job stress source scale,symptom self-rating scale(scl-90)and job burnout scale. Results Scores in work environment and equipment problems,management and interpersonal relationships of outpatient nurses were higher than internal medical and surgical nurses,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of anxiety,depression and psychiatric symptoms of the nurses in the internal medical and surgical groups were higher than those in the outpatient group,with statistically significant differences(P< 0.05).The mental health levels of the internal medical nurses and surgical nurses were similar,and the mental health level was relatively poor. The scores of emotional exhaustion,cynicism and low sense of achievement of the outpatient nurses were higher than that of the internal medical group and the surgical group,and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05).There was an obvious correlation between job burnout and occupational stressors of nurses,which indicated that there was an obvious correlation between mental health and job burnout of nurses,and also indicated that mental health problems can caused job burnout perception of nurses. Conclusions The greater the work pressure and the stronger the job burnout of nurses,the greater the impact on nurses’ professional mental health. It is suggested that the hospital should take measures to reduce or eliminate the occupational psychological pressure on nurses from the perspective of management,and carry out psychological and decompression training for nurses,so as to improve the working enthusiasm and consciousness of nurses.

关 键 词：护士 职业压力 心理健康状况 职业倦怠 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]