西周中晚期淮夷入侵与周王朝的御戎机制——以新出霸氏诸器为中心  

The Invasion of Huai Yi and the Defense System of the Western Zhou:Based upon the Newly Excavated Bronzes

作　　者：王坤鹏[1] Wang Kunpeng;Wang Baixu;Xu Jialing(Faculty of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院历史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《古代文明》2020年第4期54-61,M0004,共9页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：吉林大学青年学术骨干支持计划“西周时期北方边域与族群研究”(项目批号:2019FRGG05);吉林大学哲学社会科学研究项目“近出战国竹书文献与早期史学源流研究”(项目批号:2017QY018)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西周中晚期由于突发的气候变冷事件以及淮夷势力的增强等原因,处于今安徽、江苏一带的淮夷族群沿着淮水及其支流汝水、颍水等持续向西、向北突进,冲击到周王朝南方诸侯国,甚至侵入晋南地区。近出西周霸氏诸器以及由北赵晋侯墓地流出的晋侯铜人铭记载了该时期淮夷入侵及周王朝御戎之事。相关铭文内容反映,周王朝在淮水中上游及其支流一带设立军事据点,派遣王师与地方侯、伯势力联合抵御淮夷。周王朝御戎机制的主要特征是以王师作为主导力量,地方侯、伯势力加以配合,御戎战争背后有着周王朝的统一部署。这种以王师为主导的御戎机制是西周王朝稳定发展的重要保障,一旦遭到破坏,西周王朝也就很快走向衰亡。Newly Excavated Bronze inscriptions in state Ba(霸)cemetery records an invasion against Western Zhou by the so called barbarian people lived in the Huai(淮)River Basin.This invasion was also recorded in another inscription cast on a bronze statue from the Jinhou(晋侯)cemetery.Since the mid Western Zhou period,due to a sudden climate cooling and the western ward moving of the strengthening so called barbarian people from the Huai River area,the Western dynasty developed a system to defend the“barbarian”invasion from the East.The King’s army played the leading role in defense,while the local states were responsible to provide supporting forces in Battles.Behind this structure,the Western Zhou dynasty coordinated all related military actions with unified orders.This mechanism is important for the stable development of the Western Zhou.

关 键 词：西周 霸氏 淮夷 

分 类 号：E291[军事—军事理论] K224[历史地理—历史学] K877.3[历史地理—中国史]