辽朝佛教信徒“兼奉诸宗”考论  

A Study of the Various Sect Worship Practice of the Buddhist Believers of the Liao Dynasty

作　　者：杨军[1] 鞠贺[1] Yang Jun;Ju He(Faculty of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《古代文明》2020年第4期73-79,M0005,共8页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代的‘中国’认同与中华民族形成研究”(项目批号:15ZDB027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：辽后期兼奉诸宗现象普遍存在于不同的佛教信众群体中。其出现的原因有三:一是佛教各宗派斗争激烈,为增强佛教内部凝聚力,兼奉诸宗成为必然要求;二是部分职业僧侣站在修行的角度批评偏修一宗的弊端,支持信徒兼奉诸宗;三是辽朝皇帝出于更好地利用佛教维护统治的目的,倡导兼奉诸宗。辽朝佛教信徒兼奉诸宗以密宗为主,禅宗和三论宗被置于边缘的地位。辽帝通过提倡并践行兼奉诸宗加强了汉人佛教信徒对辽朝的认同心理。辽朝的兼奉诸宗淡化了唐中期以来浓厚的宗派意识,但不利于各宗派义理的深化。In the late Liao Dynasty,accepting various sects of Buddhism was a common practice in society.There are three reasons for the appearance of such a phenomenon.First of all,the fierce sect struggles within the Buddhist community require a situation of co-existence of all Buddhist sects.The secondly,some monks criticize the disadvantages of one sect cultivation and advocate the practice of incorporate all sects.Thirdly,the emperor of the Liao Dynasty supported the co-existence of all sects for the best benefits of his own rule.As a matter of fact,Vajrayana was the most popular sect,while Chan and three-treaties sects were less popular.The practice of various sects worship improved the recognition of the Han Buddhist believers to the Liao Dynasty.Meanwhile,it weakened the sectarian consciousness and philosophical connotation of the deferent sects.

关 键 词：辽朝 佛教信徒 兼奉诸宗 宗派意识 

分 类 号：B949.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] K246.1[历史地理—历史学]