苏州古典园林的桃源之思  

The Thought of Taoyuan in Suzhou Classical Gardens

作　　者：刘中文[1] LIU Zhongwen(Center of Academic Journals,Suzhou Vocational University,Suzhou 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市职业大学学术期刊中心,江苏苏州215104

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2020年第4期8-17,共10页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA252)。

摘　　要：《桃花源记》为中国古代士人开创了心灵栖息之地,苏州古典园林恰恰充分体现了这种情结。陆龟蒙早发苏州园林的桃源之思,其歌咏苏州桃花坞的诗作,表达了桃花源的向往,委婉透露了隐逸的决心。以顾瑛、杨维桢为元末代表的“玉山雅集”诗人,内心深处有复杂的深重的仕隐矛盾,他们在调和复杂的矛盾心理时,最终找到了陶渊明,他们优游园林,放怀山林,栖心桃花源。明代苏州园林中的桃源之思更为普遍,拙政园一代园主王心一的《归田园居记》,抒写了执著的桃源渴望。杨绍云在震泽构筑的园林“桃源洞”、沈有光营筑的“复古桃源”、常熟虞山的桃源小隐等古典园林,都留下了真切而浓重的“桃源之思”。不仅如此,现存《桃源图》题材的画作,其三分之二以上画家都活动在江南,这为苏州园林浓重的桃源之思提供了有力的旁证。心中有桃源,无处不是桃源。桃花源最真实的所在——在人心中。The story of The Peach Blossom Garden has created a harbor for the minds of the ancient Chinese scholars,both in the natural world and in the inner world.Whether they are active in the world or not,the scholars have different degrees of the Taoyuan complex in their hearts,which is embodied in the Suzhou classical gardens.Lu Guimeng’s early thoughts about the Peach Blossom Alley in Suzhou expressed his yearning for the Peach Blossom Land,and his determination for seclusion.Gu Ying and Yang Weizhen,as the representatives of the“Yushan Elegant Collection”poets in the late Yuan Dynasty,had a complex and profound contradiction between a political life and seclusion.Trying to reconcile the complex contradictory state of mind,they finally turned to Tao Yuanming.They had a good tour of the gardens,the mountains and forests,discovered their own the Peach Blossom Land.In the Ming Dynasty,the thought of Taoyuan was more common in Suzhou gardens.Wang Xinyi,the owner of Humble Administrator’s Garden,expressed his persistent desire for a paradise.Lots of classical gardens such as the“Taoyun Cave”built by Yang Shaoyun in Zhenze,the“Retro Peach Blossom Land”built by Shen Youguang,the Taoyun Retreat located in the Yushan Hill in Changshu show a true and strong taste of the“Taoyuan Thought”.Moreover,more than two-thirds of the existing paintings with the theme of the Peach Blossom Land exist in the south of the Yangtze River,which provides strong circumstantial evidences for the distinct thought of Taoyuan in Suzhou gardens.Peach Blossom Land is omnipresent as long as one harbors the thought of Taoyuan.The most real place of Peach Blossom Land is in people’s heart.

关 键 词：苏州园林 陶渊明 桃花源 园主 退葸 隐逸 情结 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]