嵌入与消弭:中国家政业职业化实践研究  

Embedding and Elimination:Professionalization of Domestic Workers in China

作　　者：梁萌[1] 吕游 刘万丽 LIANG Meng;Lü You;LIU Wan-li(School of Urban Economics and Management,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市经济与管理学院社会工作系,北京102616

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2020年第5期28-41,共14页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：梁萌主持的国家社会科学基金一般项目“互联网技术影响下的服务业用工模式研究”(项目编号:18BSH105)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着家庭照料和就业市场两个领域需求的增长,家政业成为国家视角下推动民生发展的重要产业,而一直以来女性都是该产业的就业主体。本文聚焦于中国家政业职业化实践的现状与挑战,在经典职业社会学分析框架内尝试梳理家政职业化的外部结构和内部系统的特征;同时,关照家政劳动以女性从业者为主的性别化分工等方面的特殊性,尝试引入嵌入性分析视角,将本土化社会情境作为重要的分析切入点。研究发现,在外部结构方面,存在政府和企业推动的调解式、赞助式双重控制模式,表现出强势的嵌入特征;在内在系统方面,产生了源自本土社会情境的解构实践,包括客户和劳动者在工作场域中对职业证书、专业技术、劳动标准等职业化标准的消弭和抵御。基于此,家政业职业化的发展需要将本土实践特征纳入行业发展框架之中,进一步推动职业团体的相关建设,并从根本上建立具有性别平等意识的经济与产业发展观。With the increase of demands for domestic care in job markets,domestic work has become an important industry that women have always been principal part of employment in the promotion of the development of livelihoods.This paper adopts the classic concept of professionalization in sociology to examine the external structures and the internal systems that affect the professionalization of domestic work,as well as the challenges that exist.Meanwhile,considering the influenced by gender division of labor for domestic industry,this paper introduces the embeddedness perspective and takes the local social background as an important analysis basis.The external structures exist between the government and its promotion of businesses and are operated on mediating and subsidizing mechanisms,both which can be an application of control and intervention.The internal systems are ingrained in the deconstruction of practices among clients and workers in the workplace in the local social environment,including their resistance to and dismissal of such professional standards as professional certificates,special qualifications,and labour standards.Professionalization of domestic work,therefore,needs to integrate local practices into the development framework of the industry,promote the growth of professional organizations,and fundamentally easablish the concept of economic and industrial development with gender equality consciousnes.

关 键 词：家政业 职业化 专业化 本土化 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]