我国优秀青少年女运动员三联征与运动损伤的相关性初步研究  

Relationships between Three Components of Female Athlete Triad and Injury of Elite Adolescent National Female Athletes

作　　者：李璟[1] 刘舒[1] 卫雍绩[1] 王启荣[1] 丁杰[1] Li Jing;Liu Shu;Wei Yongji;Wang Qirong;Ding Jie(National Institute of Sports Medicine,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2020年第7期503-511,共9页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

摘　　要：目的:初步研究我国优秀青少年女运动员三联征(FAT)与运动损伤之间的关系。方法:按照2007年版美国运动医学学会(ACSM)和2014年FAT联盟专家共识标准,对8个运动项目163名13~18岁国家队青少年女运动员进行FAT三个组分[伴或不伴进食紊乱(DE)的可利用能量(EA)降低、月经失调(MD)和骨密度(BMD)降低]的检测:(1)EA=能量摄入(EI)-运动能量消耗(EEE)。EI采用3日饮食日记和称重法计算,EEE采用便携式能量代谢测定仪测定。采用进食障碍调查问卷(EDE-Q 16.0D版)调查是否存在DE。(2)采用自我报告问卷调查过去12个月内是否存在MD。(3)采用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测量骨密度(BMD),同时获得体成分指标(去脂体重和体脂率)。然后连续365天通过每日损伤报告表采集每天运动中发生的肌肉、关节、骨骼等损伤数据,包括损伤部位、类型和是否重大损伤(因伤停止运动≥7天)等。最终88人完成所有合格信息采集,观察期间运动中发生损伤者纳入受伤组,运动中未发生损伤者为未受伤组,比较两组FAT三组分,分析其与运动损伤的相关性。结果:(1)一年观察期中,共有34人(38.6%)运动中发生了运动损伤,受伤组(n=34)和未受伤组(n=54)的一般情况未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)34人共发生115处运动损伤,常见部位为小腿(40处,34.8%)和膝部(26处,22.6%);常见类型为劳损性或慢性运动损伤再次发作(77处,67.0%);在11例重大损伤中,45.5%(5例)发生在小腿。(3)经校正后,受伤组EDE-Q每部分得分(P<0.01)和总得分(P<0.01)均明显高于未受伤组;受伤组腰椎BMD(P<0.05)、腰椎BMD的z值(P<0.05)和全身BMD的z值(P<0.05)均低于未受伤组。(4)运动损伤发生风险因素:过去12个月有闭经或月经稀少者运动中发生运动损伤的风险是月经正常者的2.8倍(P=0.009);全身BMD的z值≤-1.0者是z值>-1.0者的3.3倍(P=0.001);z值≤-2.0者是z值>-2.0的3.6倍,但没有统计学意义(P=0.08)。(5)重大运动损Objective To explore the relationship between three components of female athlete triad (FAT) and injury of elite adolescent national female athletes.Methods Totally 163 female athletes of 13~18 years from 8 national sports teams were evaluated according to 2007 American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM) position stand and 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statementthe three components: reduced energy availability(EA) with or without disordered eating(DE),menstru-al disorders(MD) and low bone mineral density(BMD). EA was defined as dietary energy intake(EI)minus exercise energy expenditure(EEE). EI was calculated using 3-day diet diary and dietary weight-ing method. EEE was measured using SensewearTM Pro2 armband. DE and MD were surveyed using theeating disorder examination questionnaire(EDE-Q) and a self-reported questionnaire on menstrual histo-ry of the last 12 months. BMD,fat-free mass and body fat percentage were measured using adualener-gy X-ray absorptiometry. Then injury data was collected for a year from the athletic health care sys-tem daily injury report, including the injury position, type and severity. Major injuries referred tothose resulting in loss of participation for 7 or more days. After a year of following up,88 athleteswere finally included in the study. These athletes suffered from injuries were included in the injurygroup,those without were chosen into uninjured group. The scores of FAT were compared and theircorrelation to injuries was analyzed.Results Of 88 athletes,34 athletes(38.6%) had injuries,and therest 54(61.4%) didn’t. However,no significant differences were found in their general condition(P>0.05). The 34 athletes had 115 sport-related injuries,of which the most common sites were in thelower leg(n=40,34.8%) and knee(n=26,22.6%). Moreover,overuse or chronic injuries accounted for67.0%(n=77) of the total injuries. Among the 11 severe injuries,45.5%(n=5) affected the lower leg.Injured athletes had significantly higher mean scores of four subscales(P<0.01) and the global

关 键 词：女运动员三联征 运动损伤 运动 青少年 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]