近世日本兵学与幕末的近代化转型——从山鹿素行到吉田松阴  

Pre-Modern Military Strategics and the Transformation of Modernization in Japan

作　　者：唐利国[1] Tang Liguo

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2020年第4期1-14,147,共15页World History

基　　金：北京大学“海上丝绸之路与郑和下西洋及其沿线地区历史和文化研究”项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：山鹿素行吸收儒学而创立的山鹿流兵学是日本近世兵学的代表性流派,旨在适应近世武士由战斗者向统治者转变的时代需要,是一门涵盖军事学、伦理学和政治学等的综合学问,武士道论亦是其中一个不可或缺的组成部分。作为山鹿流兵学传人的吉田松阴,在幕末面对西方的军事优势,并没有失去对近世兵学的信心,反而能够在某种程度上求新求变。他在家学修业过程中形成的把军事问题作为政治问题,进而作为道德问题来把握的思维模式,也使之能够较早认识到当时日本所面临的不仅是军事危机,而且是国内的政治危机,更有可能发展为民族认同的危机。吉田松阴之所以能够成为倒幕维新的先驱,无疑是因为受益于山鹿流兵学所提供的思想资源。Yamagaryuu military strategics is one of the representative pre-modern military strategics of Japan,aiming at meeting the needs of samurai's change from warriors to rulers.This is a comprehensive scholarship which consists of military strategics,ethics,and politics,and Bushido is an indispensable part of it.As the successor to Yamagaryuu,Yoshida Syouin never lost his faith in pre-modern military strategics.On the contrary,he sought change and transformation to a certain degree.His thinking model which regarded military issues as political and moral issues enabled him to recognise that the threat faced by Japan was both the military crisis and the political crisis which could even probably develop into the crisis of national identification.The intellectual resources provided by Yamagaryuu military strategics made him become a forerunner of the Meiji Restoration.

关 键 词：日本 山鹿素行 吉田松阴 兵学 武士道 

分 类 号：B313[哲学宗教—外国哲学]