中西太平洋中国金枪鱼围网船队捕捞自由鱼群作业特征  

Operational characteristics of Chinese tuna purse seine fleets setting on free swimming school in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

作　　者：李鹏 许柳雄[1,2,3,4] 王学昉 周成[1,2,3,4] 唐浩 刘伟[1] LI Peng;XU Liuxiong;WANG Xuefang;ZHOU Cheng;TANG Hao;LIU Wei(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306, China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2020年第4期435-444,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901502);国家自然科学基金(41506151,41806110,31902426);中国博士后科学基金(2018M630471)。

摘　　要：根据2013—2017年中国大陆金枪鱼围网船队的渔捞日志,利用捕捞自由鱼群的时间、地点、渔获量和捕捞努力量等作业信息,分析我国中西太平洋围网船队捕捞自由鱼群的作业特征,包括在禁渔期和非禁渔期单船月平均投网次数、投网成功率和单位网次渔获量等作业特征指标,以及船队作业渔场重心在太平洋岛国专属经济区间的变动情况。结果显示:1)禁渔期与非禁渔期单船月平均投网次数具有显著差异(P<0.05);2)禁渔期与非禁渔期的名义CPUE(catch per unit effort)无显著性差异(P>0.05);3)禁渔期与非禁渔期对自由鱼群的投网成功率存在显著性差异(P<0.05);4)我国围网船队月度作业渔场重心会随着ENSO(El Nino-southern oscillation)周期发生移动,2013—2017年主要集中在基里巴斯、瑙鲁和巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区(exclusive economic zone,EEZ)内,其中基里巴斯和瑙鲁两国专属经济区是近几年我国船队捕捞自由鱼群最为重要的中心区域。研究结果可为我国金枪鱼围网渔业企业科学购买中西太平洋各岛国专属经济区的作业天数提供参考。Based on the logbooks of Chinese tuna purse seine vessels from 2013 to 2017,the paper collected the operational information including the time,location,catch and catch effort,and analyzed the operational characteristics of Chinese tuna purse seine fleets setting on free swimming school in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean,including average number of nets per month,rate of successful set and the net catch per unit effort during FADs closure and non-FADs closure,and fishing ground gravity shift of Chinese tuna purse seine fleets in the exclusive economic zone(EEZ)of Pacific islands.The results showed that:1)There were significant differences in the average monthly number of nets per vessel between FADs closure and non-FADs closure(P<0.05);2)There was no significant difference in the nominal CPUE(catch per unit effort)between FADs closure and non-FADs closure(P>0.05);3)There were significant differences in the rate of successful set between FADs closure and non-FADs closure(P<0.05);4)The fishing ground gravity of Chinese purse seine moved with the ENSO(El Nino-southern oscillation)cycle,that was mainly distributed in Kiribati EEZ,Nauru EEZ and Papua New Guinea EEZ from 2013 to 2017.The above water areas have become the most important areas for the Chinese tuna purse seine fleets setting on free swimming school in recent years.This study would be helpful in providing reference for Chinese tuna purse seine fishery enterprises to purchase the fishing days of the exclusive economic zone of Pacific islands.

关 键 词：中西太平洋 中国金枪鱼围网 自由鱼群 作业特征 

分 类 号：S977[农业科学—捕捞与储运]