医学伦理学与生命伦理学关系类型辨析——基于国内外文献的考察  

Analysis on the Relationship between Medical Ethics and Bioethics:Overview of Literature in and outside of China

作　　者：马永慧[1] MA Yong-hui(Center for Bioethics,School of Medicine,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361101,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学医学院生命伦理学研究中心,福建厦门361101

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2020年第19期17-21,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2016年国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CZX064);2019年厦门大学校长基金年度项目(ZK1062)。

摘　　要：医学伦理学与生命伦理学的关系在逻辑上有包容论、互异论和交叉论(延续论)三种可能的类型。包容论认为,后者关注范围更广,前者作为一个部分包括在生命伦理学当中。互异论主张,两个概念在跨学科特点方面不同,生命伦理学必须通过跨学科协作,以公共性为导向,而医学伦理学较为单一,以职业性为目标。交叉论(延续论)强调,医学伦理学经历了古代医德学,近现代医学伦理学和生命伦理学。包容论与互异论过于强调二者的相同或区别,割裂了二者内在联系,片面性显而易见。交叉论(延续论)看到了二者内在逻辑,反映了本体属性,是更为合理的评价。Logically,there are three possible types of relationships between medical ethics and bioethics,which include medical ethics is a sub-branch of bioethics,medical ethics and bioethics are independent and isolated disciplines,bioethics is the continuity and has overlaps with medical ethics.The first approach holds that bioethics concerns a wider range,medical ethics is included in bioethics as a part of bioethics.The second approach believes bioethics,as a normative discipline,can only be answered through interdisciplinary cooperation and society-oriented,while medical ethics is relatively individual/patient-oriented and aims at professionalism.The third approach emphasizes that medical ethics has experienced three phases,ancient medical ethics,modern medical ethics and bioethics.Bioethics is the new stage in the development of medical ethics.The first and the second approach overemphasize the similarities and differences between bioethics and medical ethics,and neglect the internal relations between them.The third approach sees the internal logic of the two and is a more reasonable understanding and evaluation.

关 键 词：医学伦理学 生命伦理学 关系类型 延续论 包容论 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]