论宋代士大夫的“共治”意识  

The scholar-bureaucrats’awareness of“joint-governance”in the Song Dynasties

作　　者：何忠礼[1,2] HE Zhongli

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史系 [2]杭州市社会科学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第3期20-37,5,9,共20页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：宋朝最高统治者崇尚文治,随着科举制度的日益完善,知识分子的队伍空前壮大。由科举出身的士大夫,大都是知识分子中的精英,他们怀着"君主与士大夫共治天下"的意识,在施政中具有较强的民本思想和家国情怀,对改善政治、安定社会起到了重要作用。儒家思想的长期熏陶,科举制度的公平取士和对举人的关心照顾,以及帝王对知识分子人格的尊重,当是形成士大夫"共治"意识的主要原因。由于重视知识分子,使文化软实力得到加强,从而促进了忠君爱国价值观的形成,既防止了"内乱",又增强了抵御外侮的力量,使宋朝的国祚得以绵长。The supreme rulers of the Song Dynasties(960-1279)advocated government by civilians(wenzhi).As the imperial examination system(IES,keju)improved,there came an unprecedented expansion of intelligentsia.Most of the scholar-bureaucrats(shidafu)who walked into official career through IES were the elites of the intelligentsia.With an awareness of“joint-governance of the country by the monarch and the scholar-bureaucrats,”they had strong people-oriented thought and feelings of home and nation,which played an important role in the improvement of government and social stability.Long influence of Confucianism,fair selection of bureaucrats through IES,care for the successful candidates(juren)from the provincial IES,as well as the emperors’respect to intellectuals’human dignity,should be seen as the key reasons for the awareness of“joint-governance”among scho lar-bureaucrats.The emphasis on intellectuals strengthened cultural soft power of the dynasties and promoted the formation of the value of loyalty to the throne and patriotism,which not only prevented civil unrest,but also helped resistance to external aggressions,and thus lengthened the life of the Song Dynasties.

关 键 词：家国情怀 最高统治者 科举制度 知识分子人格 忠君爱国 士大夫 文化软实力 儒家思想 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]