水盾草入侵机制及防治对策  

Invasion mechanism and control measures of the aquatic weed Cabomba caroliniana Gray

作　　者：丁瑜欣 吴娟[1,2] 成水平 DING Yuxin;WU Juan;CHENG Shuiping(Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,Ministry of Education,College of Environment Science,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]上海生态景观水环境工程技术研究中心,上海200031

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2020年第3期176-180,190,共6页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51778455);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(22120170256)。

摘　　要：生物入侵是当今世界难题之一,成为维护生物安全和生态安全的共同挑战。水盾草作为一种流行的观赏水草,原分布于美洲中部,伴随人类商业、运输等活动迁移到世界各地,现已成功入侵了亚洲、欧洲和大洋洲等地区,也在我国长三角地区广泛分布。本文介绍了水盾草的生态习性、危害、入侵成因、防治与管理等方面,从生物学特征和生境分析其入侵机制。由于很强的繁殖扩散能力和对新环境的适应能力等特性,水盾草一旦定居,即迅速生长,争夺本地物种的生存空间和资源,对入侵区域的环境、生物、经济产生负面影响。适宜的气候条件、空生态位资源是水盾草入侵的外部环境因素。目前,多种物理、化学和生物控制方法用于管理水盾草,但治理效果不一,需要综合使用多种手段,重复干预以达到管控的目的。为防止水盾草在我国大面积泛滥,亟需开展基础研究,科学预测;针对可能入侵水域,研究提出早期发现和快速响应的综合管理措施,科学治理和管理水盾草。Biological invasions are among the world′s severe problems that have become the common challenge in the face of biological and ecological security.Cabomba caroliniana Gray is a popular aquarium plant that is native to Central America and has spread throughout the world through human business,transportation and other activities.It has widely invaded Asia,Europe and Oceania,and is widely distributed in the Yangtze River Delta of China,too.This paper reviewed the ecological habit,harmfulness,invasion,prevention and management of C.caroliniana,and analyzed its mechanism of invasion.C.caroliniana is capable of colonizing habitats and appropriating space and resources of native species due to its traits such as robust regeneration,quick establishment and adaptability to new habitats.The resulting fast increase in densities is associated with a wide range of negative impacts on environment,biology,and economy of invaded regions.Suitable climatic conditions and vacant niche resources are the principal environmental factors of C.caroliniana invasion.Numerous physical,chemical,and biological measures are employed to control C.caroliniana,but results are inconsistent and multiple methods and repeated treatments are often required.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out basic research and scientific prediction on the potential distribution of C.caroliniana before it spreads more widely.In the meantime,an integrated management system,which focuses on early detection and rapid response in possible water bodies,may be worked out for slowing down the C.caroliniana invasion.

关 键 词：生物入侵 水盾草 入侵机制 防治对策 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]