文明的牢笼抑或文明的没落?  

The Cage of Civilization or the Decline of Civilization?

作　　者：师庭雄[1] SHI Ting-xiong(School of Philosophy,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730010,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学哲学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期64-71,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“伽达默尔著作集汉译与研究”(15ZDB026)。

摘　　要：文章对韦伯和斯宾格勒的西方文明观进行了比较分析,韦伯认为路德宗的"天职观"和加尔文宗的"禁欲主义"是促成"资本主义精神"的两个要素,资本主义精神一旦确立,宗教因素中蕴含着的德性与理性的诉求均被统统排除,西方文明由此而变成了禁锢当代人的一个"铁笼";斯宾格勒认为历史有机体有一个从诞生、成长、成熟到凋敝的过程,他从"形态学"角度把文化到文明的过渡视为西方历史的"命运","西方的没落"只是意味着历史有机体的自然凋谢,经由长期的蛰伏后,新的历史有机体又会再度焕发生机。最后,把海德格尔和伽达默尔关于"存在"问题的思考引介进来,我们就有可能给上述争论找到一个哲学上的地基。This paper makes a comparative analysis of Weber and Spenger’s views on the Western civilization.Max Weber believed that the Lutheran notion of vocation and the Calvinist asceticism were the two elements that contributed to"the spirit of capitalism".Once the spirit of capitalism were fully established,the callings from virtue and reason embedded in those religious ideas would be eradicated,which would turn the Western civilization into an iron cage for the modern.From the perspective of morphology,Spengler saw the transit from culture to civilization as a fate of the Western history.He belived the historical organism experienced the process of birth,growth,maturity and decline.Therefore,the decline of the West only signified the natural process of the historical organism.Then a new historical organism would rejuvenate after a long period of dormancy.If we introduce the thought of"Being"of Heidegger and Gadamer,we will find a foundation of philosophy for the above debate.

关 键 词：铁笼 没落 资本主义精神 有机体 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]