大学胜出与美国现代知识制度环境的形成  

University as Winner and Formation of American Modern Knowledge System Environment

作　　者：陈瑶[1] CHEN Yao(Faculty of Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期42-48,共7页Journal of Jinggangshan University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：美国南北战争后重建到“一战”结束的半个多世纪是一个重要的变迁时代,知识组织形态和学术秩序的变革构成其中一个重要方面,而其最重要的结果就是大学在各种知识机构中胜出,大学及其学科成为现代知识制度的中心。大约在1920年前后,这样一种以大学及其学科为中心的、学术专业化的知识制度环境已明显形成,各学校之间、学科之间及学科专业内部的等级序列的轮廓也基本就绪。这是独具特色的美国高等教育发展的重要起点,也是下一个时期美国高等教育引领世界高等教育的基础。U.S.has seen an important transition from Civil War reconstruction to the end of the First World War over half a century,during which the organization of knowledge and the academic order reform became one of the most important marking events.Consequently,universities and its disciplines as the winner have become the center of modern knowledge.Around 1920,the knowledge system has been formed with universities and their disciplines as the center and academic professionalization.The hierarchical sequences system has also established between universities,disciplines and specializations.This is an important starting point for the development of unique American higher education,and is also the basis for American higher education to lead the world in the next period.

关 键 词：美国高等教育 知识制度 学术秩序 学术专业化 学科 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]