“丢弃渔具”研究进展  

A review of research of“abandoned,lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear(ALDFG)”

作　　者：宋利明[1,2,3,4] 陈明锐 SONG Liming;CHEN Mingrui(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学,远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2020年第10期1762-1772,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)健康生态系统和清洁环境的负责任捕捞技术项目(D8005180178);国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2012AA092302)。

摘　　要：废弃、遗失或以其他方式丢弃的渔具(abandoned,lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear,ALDFG)是海洋生态环境及渔业最为严重的危害之一,世界各国及国际组织对其引发的问题日益关注。本文介绍了ALDFG对海洋生态及渔业的危害、ALDFG产生的主要原因、各国及相关国际组织为减少ALDFG所提出的措施及常用的ALDFG调查和评估方法。发现ALDFG的研究多采用统计模型量化ALDFG,或结合统计检验等评估ALDFG的危害性(幽灵捕捞)和通过经济学层面评估清除ALDFG带来的生态及经济效益等。建议:①通过问卷调查与水下实地调查等评估国家管辖海域ALDFG量和危害程度,并结合海洋动力学模型及渔具水动力性能等分析ALDFG移动轨迹;②开发新材料,改进渔具及属具设计方法,减少ALDFG;③通过水下实地调查,确定ALDFG的物理变化过程、幽灵捕捞能力的变化等;④观察ALDFG清除后对海洋生态系统多样性及渔业资源的积极作用,并结合经济模型分析ALDFG清除后产生的社会及经济效益。Abandoned,lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear(ALDFG)is one of the most serious hazards to marine ecology and fisheries.The problems triggered by ALDFG have attracted increasing attention from many countries and international organizations around the world.This paper reviews the harm of ALDFG to marine ecology and fisheries,the primary causes of ALDFG,the steps proposed by various countries and relevant international organizations to remove ALDFG,and the commonly used ALDFG survey and evaluation methods in recent years.It has been found that in recent years,most of the studies on ALDFG used statistical models to quantify ALDFG,or combined with statistical tests to assess the harmfulness of ALDFG(ghost fishing)and to evaluate the ecological and economic benefits of clearing ALDFG,etc.This paper suggests that:(1)the questionnaire survey and underwater field survey should be used to assess the amount and harm of ALDFG in the national jurisdictional area,and analyze the trajectory of ALDFG by ocean dynamics models combining with the hydrodynamics of fishing gear;(2)the new materials should be developed and the design of fishing gear and ancillary gear should be improved to reduce the ALDFG;(3)the physical change in the process and the change of ghost fishing capacity of underwater ALDFG should be studied by field survey;(4)the positive role to the marine ecological system diversity and fishery resources should be studied after the underwater ALDFG is removed,and the social and economic benefits should be evaluated by the economic model analysis after the underwater ALDFG is removed.

关 键 词：废弃、遗失或以其他方式丢弃的渔具(ALDFG) 海洋生态环境 减少措施 评估方法 溯源 

分 类 号：S972.29[农业科学—捕捞与储运]