美国法庭科学证据理论的历史嬗变与司法适用  

On the Transmutation and Application of Forensic Evidence in the USA

作　　者：刘萍[1] 袁雨萌 LIU Ping;YUAN Yu-meng(Law School,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《天津法学》2020年第2期74-81,共8页Tianjin Legal Science

摘　　要：自1923年弗莱伊案以来,法庭科学在美国已经发展成为具备完整科学体系的法庭科学学科,法庭科学证据显然与科学的发展与应用密切相关:科学技术的发展促进了法庭科学的勃兴,也推动了科学证据采信制度的研究,弗莱伊案、多伯特案等判例揭示了近百年以来美国联邦法院对于科学证据采信标准的变迁。2009年美国国家科学研究委员会发布的《美国法庭科学的加强之路》和2016年美国总统科技咨询委员会发布的《刑事法庭科学:确保特征比较方法的科学有效性》是近年来评价法庭证据的两份最重要的报告。Forensic science has become a complete systematical science subject in the United States since the Frye case in 1929.The evolution of science dramatically influences the application and development of forensic evidence.The development of science and technology has boosted the forensic science,as well as the study on the admissibility of forensic evidence.Such cases as Frye v.United States,Dauber v.Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals reveal the changes of the acceptance standard of forensic evidence gradually in the federal court system in the past hundred years.The Way to Strengthen the Science of American Courts issued by the National Science Research Council of the United States in 2009 and Criminal Court Science:Ensuring the Scientific Effectiveness of Feature Comparison Methods issued by the president’s science and Technology Advisory Council of the United States in 2016,are the two most important reports to evaluate forensic science in recent years.Up to now,many scholars have further studied the scientific evidence according to the problems raised in these two reports.

关 键 词：法庭科学证据 证据可采性 弗莱伊标准 多伯特标准 

分 类 号：DF713[政治法律—诉讼法学]