轨道交通的类“公地悲剧”现象及衍生特性  

The Analogical“Tragedy of the Commons”Phenomenon and the Derivative Characteristics of Tail Transit

作　　者：赵笑月 朱顺应[1] 汪攀 李佳玉 王红[1] ZHAO Xiaoyue;ZHU Shunying;WANG Pan;LI Jiayu;WANG Hong(School of Transportation,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学交通学院,武汉430063

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（交通科学与工程版）》2020年第5期928-932,共5页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology（Transportation Science & Engineering）

摘　　要：“公地悲剧”常用来分析公共物品、公用资源的过度使用而造成的资源枯竭、公共物品的破坏和浪费等问题,城市轨道交通作为一项准公共产品,也可能存在类似现象.文中对武汉市轨道交通2号线进行乘客满意度调查,发现乘客在评价时会受到心理上的有意控制,导致得到的满意度调查值与真实值存在差异.通过13个满意度指标寻找乘客的感知规律,确定调查得到的满意度平均值比真实值低0.015~0.035,轨道交通存在类“公地悲剧”现象.计算得到乘客感知相对误差与指标重要性的灰色相对关联度为0.6469,乘客对服务水平的低估程度与需求重要性关系不显著;利用重要性-绩效分析法对比分析真实值与调查值的改进策略一致,发现类“公地悲剧”现象没有扭曲乘客的真实需求,满意度调查与分析能够有效的改善服务水平.“Tragedy of the commons”is often used to analyze problems such as resource depletion,destruction and waste of public goods caused by excessive use of public goods and resources.As a quasi-public product,urban rail transit may have similar phenomena.In this paper,the passenger satisfaction of Wuhan Rail Transit Line 2 is investigated,and it is found that the passengers will be controlled by psychological intention when evaluating,which leads to the difference between the satisfaction survey value and the real value.Through 13 indicators of satisfaction,the passengers’perception law is found,and it is determined that the average satisfaction value obtained from the survey is 0.015~0.035 lower than the true value,and the phenomenon of“tragedy of the commons”exists in rail transit.The grey relative correlation degree between passengers’perceived relative error and index importance is calculated to be 0.6469,and the relationship between passengers’underestimation of service level and demand importance is not significant.By using the importance-performance analysis method,the improvement strategies of real value and survey value are consistent.It is found that the phenomenon of“tragedy of the commons”does not distort the real needs of passengers,and satisfaction survey and analysis can effectively improve the service level.

关 键 词：轨道交通 准公共产品 公地悲剧 评价心理 乘客满意度 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]