秸秆还田方式对东北农田土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning Mode on NH3 Volatilization and N2O Emission of Farmland in Northeast China

作　　者：马玲 王丹蕾 韩昌东 范丽娟 金鑫鑫[1,2,3] 叶旭红 邹洪涛[1,2,3] MA Ling;WANG Danlei;HAN Changdong;FAN Lijuan;JIN Xinxin;YE Xuhong;ZOU Hongtao(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Northeast China),Ministry of Agriculture,Shenyang 110866,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang 110866,China;Agricultural Service Station of Gaosheng Street,Panshan 124123,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866 [3]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁沈阳110866 [4]盘山县高升街道农业服务站,辽宁盘山124123

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第10期2351-2360,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省重点研发计划项目(No.2019JH2/10200004);国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2015BAD23B0203)。

摘　　要：秸秆还田是有效利用资源、增加土壤有机质含量和培肥地力的有效措施,但也会影响土壤NH3挥发和N2O的排放.探索不同秸秆还田方式对NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响对于减少土壤氮素损失和保护生态环境具有重要意义.采用田间小区试验,利用Los Gatos Research(LGR)超便携NH3分析仪和密闭式静态箱-气相色谱法探究不同秸秆还田方式下土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的特征,试验设4个处理(覆盖还田,即表面覆盖玉米秸秆,0~20和20~40 cm土壤分层扰动后填回,记为JG0-0;常规还田,即秸秆与0~20 cm土壤混合,20~40 cm土壤扰动后填回,记为JG0-20;深还田,秸秆与20~40 cm土壤混合,0~20 cm土壤挖出后填回,记为JG20-40;对照处理,即无玉米秸秆还田,0~20和20~40 cm土壤分层扰动后填回,记为CK).结果表明:①相比于CK,不同秸秆还田方式均显著降低了土壤NH3挥发量,增加了土壤N2O排放量.与CK相比,JG0-0、JG0-20和JG20-40处理下土壤NH3累积排放量分别减少了12.38%、9.87%和5.73%;土壤N2O累积排放量分别增加了30.19%、82.82%和36.53%,其中JG0-0和JG20-40处理之间无显著性差异.②JG20-40处理下玉米产量显著高于其他处理,比CK增加了23.15%,JG0-0处理下玉米产量高于CK和JG0-20处理,但并未达到显著水平.③对于NH3和N2O这两种气体的总累积排放量,各处理间均达到显著性差异.与CK相比,JG0-0、JG0-20和JG20-40处理下NH3和N2O总累积排放量分别增加了16.67%、52.08%和22.92%.④不同秸秆还田方式下的氮素气态损失率均高于CK,JG0-0、JG0-20和JG20-40处理下氮素气态损失率分别比CK增加了17.50%、52.50%和22.50%.因此,综合考虑土壤NH3挥发量、N2O排放量和玉米产量等因素,JG0-0处理优于JG20-40、JG0-20处理.Straw returning is an effective measure to improve resource utilization and increase soil organic matter and fertility,but its application will affect soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions.Exploring the effects of different straw returning modes on NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions is of great significance for reducing soil nitrogen loss and protecting the ecological environment.In this study,a field plot experiment was conducted to characterize the NH3 volatilization and N2O emission under different straw returning modes by using Los Gatos Research(LGR)Ultra-Portable NH3 Analyzer and closed static chamber-gas chromatography.The four straw returning modes included:no straw returning(CK),mulching returning(straw covered field surface,JG0-0),conventional returning(straw mixed into 0-20 cm soil,JG0-20)and deep returning(straw mixed into 20-40 cm soil,JG20-40).The results show that:(1)Compared with CK,the treatment of other straw returning modes significantly reduced NH3 volatilization and increased N2O emission.The accumulative amount of NH3 volatilization in JG0-0,JG0-20 and JG20-40 treatments decreased by 12.38%,9.87%and 5.73%and the accumulative amount of N2O emissions increased by 30.19%,82.82%and 36.53%,respectively.Wherein no significant difference in the accumulative amount of N2O emissions between JG0-0 and JG20-40 treatments.(2)The corn yield of JG20-40 was significantly higher than that of other treatments,especially it increased by 23.15%compared with CK.Moreover,the corn yield of JG0-0 was higher than that of CK and JG0-20,but there was no significant difference.(3)For the total accumulative amount of these two kinds of gas emissions(NH3 and N2O),there was significant difference among all the treatments.Compared with CK treatment,the total accumulative amount of gas emissions in JG0-0,JG0-20 and JG20-40 treatments increased by 16.67%,52.08%and 22.92%,respectively.(4)The gas loss rate of nitrogen in different straw returning modes treatments was higher than that of CK treatment,increasing by 17.50%

关 键 词：秸秆还田方式 NH3挥发 N2O排放 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]