高教大众化视野下中国大学通识教育发展的理论分析  

Theoretical Analysis on the Development of General Education in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Popularization of Higher Education

作　　者：陆一[1] 杨曈 LU Yi;YANG Tong(Research Institute for Higher Education,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433;School of Foreign Languages,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,211189)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学高等教育研究所,上海200433 [2]东南大学外国语学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2020年第4期36-46,67,共12页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划课题“中国大学通识教育建设成效分类评估研究”(CIA190274)。

摘　　要：自从20世纪80年代过度狭窄的专业教育的弊病被提出,到2015年后通识教育改革得到官方承认并在更多大学发展深化,中国大学通识教育改革经历了从模仿借鉴到独立生成的发展过程。不仅如此,通识教育的兴起与猛烈的大学扩招几乎同时发生,这是中国特有的历史过程。改革的叠加效应造成诸多混淆。在已然大众化的高等教育格局之下,通识教育既要弥补精英阶段未成熟的人文教育及其对专业教育的作用,也要拓展在国民教育和职业教育方面的贡献。本文试图结构化地分析高等教育大众化后本科通识教育应当做什么,如何走出分层分类建设之路,并澄清中国大学通识教育发展实践中的理论问题。The disadvantage of excessively narrow professional education was put forward in 1980s.After 2015,the reform of general education was officially recognized and deepened in more universities.The reform of general education in Chinese universities experienced a development process from imitation to independent generation.Moreover,the rise of general education and the fierce expansion of university enrollment almost occurred at the same time,which is a unique historical process.The superposition effect of reform has caused many confusions.Under the popularization of higher education,general education should not only make up for the immature humanistic education in the elite stage and its role in professional education,but also expand its contribution to national civic education and vocational education.This paper attempts to make a structural analysis of what undergraduate general education should do after popularization,and clarify the theoretical problems in the development practice of general education in Chinese universities.

关 键 词：通识教育 中国文明传统 高等教育目标结构 又红又专 理工类大学 行业类大学 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]