正字法意识和语音意识在留学生汉字学习初期的相对重要性  

The Relative Importance of Orthographic Awareness and Phonological Awareness in the Early Stage of Chinese Character Acquisition Among Chinese L2 Learners

作　　者：刘志敬 郝美玲[2] 汪凤娇 Liu Zhijing;Hao Meiling;Wang Fengjiao(Research Department,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Advanced Chinese Training,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学科研处,北京100083 [2]北京语言大学汉语进修学院,北京100083

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2020年第3期55-60,共6页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语文本可读性测评和分级的跨学科研究”(17ZDA305);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(19PT01);北京语言大学一流学科团队支持计划(F201906)。

摘　　要：本研究以学习汉语3个月左右(零起点)和6个月左右(初级)的汉语第二语言学习者为对象,探究了正字法意识和语音意识在其汉字学习中的相对作用。结果发现,正字法意识对零起点学习者的汉字阅读成绩具有显著贡献,而语音意识对初级学习者的汉字阅读成绩具有显著贡献。结果表明正字法意识和语音意识在汉语第二语言学习者汉字学习的不同阶段起作用。基于此,我们认为在汉语第二语言学习者汉语学习的初级阶段,应注重培养他们的元语言意识,并帮助他们建立汉字字形、字音和字义之间的稳定联结。This study takes Chinese L2 learners who have been learning Chinese for about 3 months(beginners)and 6 months(elementary learners)as subjects to explore the relative roles of orthographic awareness and phonological awareness in the learning of Chinese characters.The results show that orthographic awareness has a significant contribution to beginners'Chinese character reading,while phonological awareness has a significant contribution to elementary learners'Chinese charac⁃ter reading.The results reveal that orthographic awareness and phonological awareness play their roles in different stages of Chinese character learning.Based on this,we propose that at the early stage of Chinese character learning,the teacher should cultivate the learners'metalinguistic awareness and help them to establish the connection among the forms,sounds and meanings of Chinese characters.

关 键 词：正字法意识 语音意识 汉字阅读 汉语第二语言学习者 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]