电镀厂排水对大型溞、唐鱼早期发育阶段的急、慢毒性效应  

Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects of Electroplating Plant Effluents on Daphnia magna and Tanichthys albonubes at the Early Life Stages

作　　者：谭杰峰 陈山多 王依钒 侯丽萍[1] TAN Jie-feng;CHEN Shan-duo;WANG Yi-fan;HOU Li-ping(College of Life Science,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,PRC)

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2020年第9期32-35,41,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-青年科学基金资助项目(21607032);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41977207);渔港建设与渔业产业发展项目(A201701B10)。

摘　　要：为了从生物毒性测试方面来评估东江流域附近5家电镀厂排水的综合毒性效应,通过对大型溞、唐鱼2个品种进行急、慢性暴露试验。结果表明:48 h的急性毒性试验中,随着水样浓度升高,致死效应增高,其中2号电镀厂排水的致死效应最为显著,原水样浓度致死率为100%,呈现中高急性毒性效应,其余电镀厂排水则是低毒性;14 d慢性毒性试验中,各水样组的产溞时间较短,且产溞数量明显高于对照组,说明各个水样中存在刺激大型溞繁殖行为的物质;而唐鱼的慢性毒性试验中,在5~8 d的致死率则明显高于前4 d,其毒性作用呈现时间积累性。在慢性毒性测试中两种受试动物均产生致畸、致死现象,说明电镀厂排水内存在着较多有三致效应的毒性物质。这表明将生物综合毒性测试应用于排放废水的管理中是十分必要的。To clarify biological toxic effects of effluents from five electroplating plants in the Dongjiang River basin,acute and chronic exposure experiments were conducted using Daphnia magna(D.magna)and Tanichthys albonubes(T.albon)as research subjects.The result of 48 h acute toxicity showed that acute toxicity had a significant dose-response relationship.As the concentration of effluent samples increased,the lethal effect increased.Among five effluent samples,No.2 showed the most significant toxicity with a lethal rate of 100%on D.magna and T.albon,presenting medium-bad acute toxic effects.In contrast,low toxicity was observed for effluents from other electroplating plants.The results of 14 d embryonic exposure test displayed that the reproduction time was advanced,and the reproduction number of D.magna was significantly increased,demonstrating the exist of some substances that can stimulate the reproduction of D.magna in five effluent samples.For chronic toxicity test on T.albon,the lethal rate of the first 4d exposure was lower than that of the later 3d one,suggesting the time-accumulated toxicity effect of effluents.In the chronic toxicity test,the two kinds of tested animals produced teratogenic and fatal phenomena,indicating that there were lots of toxic substances with triple effects(mutagenesis,carcinogenesis and teratogenesis)in effluents of the five electroplating plants.These observations demonstrate that applying ecological toxicity tests in the waste water management is necessary.

关 键 词：电镀厂排水 生物毒性 大型溞 唐鱼 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]