作为“机器”的国家——论现代官僚/技术统治  

State as“Machinery”—On Bureaucracy/Technocracy of Modern State

作　　者：洪涛[1] Hong Tao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2020年第3期1-41,197,共42页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：从规范理论的角度,现代国家是一种人民国家,民主是国家之人民性或主权在民原则的制度化形态。但是,从现实的角度,现代国家无论是“集权”的程度,还是权力渗透于人民日常生活之广度和深度,都有可能远远超过前现代的封建国家或专制君主国。现代国家强大的根源在于它依据“理性”机器的原理而构建,理性官僚组织和在理性科学基础上的技术是它的两大支柱,在此意义上,现代国家可被视作官僚统治/官僚政体与技术统治/技术政体之结合。In the perspective of the theory of norms,modern state is regarded as a kind of people’s state.Democracy is an institutionalization of the principle of the sovereignty of the people.However,as for the degree of power distribution and despotism,modern state is far more depth and breadth than traditional state.Although people are regarded as the master of the state,they are so weak in front of the power-holders never seen before in whole history.They are trampled upon at the power-holders’will.This article points out that the most important reason which makes the modern state strong,is that the modern state was constructed by the principle of the rational machinery.The modern state is one of the most powerful and important“machinery”in the modern world.The bureaucracy and the technocracy are the political regimes of the character of the machinery of modern state.

关 键 词：国家机器 官僚统治 技术统治 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]