半干旱黄土丘陵区县域社会生态系统脆弱性时空变化及其影响因素——以定西市安定区为例  

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Social-ecological System Vulnerability and Its Influencing Factors in a Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Anding District of Dingxi

作　　者：燕玲玲 高秉丽 徐彩仙 李焱 巩杰[1] YAN Lingling;GAO Bingli;XU Caixian;LI Yan;GONG Jie(Key Laboratory of Western China′s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院/西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第5期373-380,388,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄土宽梁缓坡丘陵区生态格局优化与特色粮草产业技术及示范”(2016YFC0501701-01)。

摘　　要：脆弱性评估已成为全球环境变化与可持续发展研究的热点和重要议题。以定西市安定区为例,构建社会生态系统脆弱性评估体系,分析了1995—2015年安定区社会生态系统的脆弱性、暴露度、敏感性及适应力时空变化,利用因子贡献度模型对脆弱性影响因素进行了分析,并据此提出了适应对策和建议。结果表明:1995—2015年安定区社会生态系统暴露度、敏感性和脆弱性水平呈先降后升趋势,暴露度由西南向东北递减,适应力与暴露度空间变化一致,脆弱性与适应力空间变化相反,敏感性无明显空间变化规律。研究区社会生态系统脆弱性主要受暴露度和适应力的作用,其中有效灌溉面积(26.77%)、林地占比(10.23%)、人均粮食产量(9.11%)、化肥施用量(8.27%)的贡献度最高,同时受单位面积载畜量、经济增速、高中及以上人口占比等影响较大。因地制宜、科学规划,发展高效旱作生态农业,有效降低社会生态系统暴露度。同时,强化生态建设、植树种草、适度发展畜牧业,是提高社会生态系统适应能力和促进区域可持续发展的必然途径。Vulnerability assessment has become a hotspot in global environmental change and sustainable development research.Taking Anding District as an example,we built a vulnerability assessment system of social-ecological system analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of the exposure,sensitivity,adaptability and vulnerability from 1995 to 2015,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions based on the analysis of the main factors which impact on vulnerability.The results show that:during the period 1995—2015,the levels of exposure,sensitivity and vulnerability of the social-ecological system in Anding decreased first and then increased;the exposure degree decreased from southwest to northeast;the spatial distribution of adaptability was consistent with that of exposure,while the spatial variation of vulnerability was opposite to that of adaptability;there was no obvious spatial change of sensitivity.The main influencing factors of social-ecological system vulnerability in the study area were exposure and adaptation.The effective irrigation area(26.77%),forest ratio(10.23%),per capita food production(9.11%),and fertilizer application rate(8.27%)are the main factors which impact the vulnerability of Anding.The livestock carrying capacity per unit area,economic growth rate,and proportion of population educated in high school and above greatly influenced the vulnerability of Anding.Scientific master plan and adaptable measures to the local conditions should be carried out to develop high-efficiency dry farming and ecological agriculture,and to reduce the exposure of social-ecological system.At the same time,strengthening ecological construction,planting trees and grass,and developing stock farming appropriately are the useful ways to improve the adaptability of social-ecological system for regional sustainable development of loess hilly areas.

关 键 词：社会生态系统 脆弱性 时空变化 影响因子 安定区 黄土丘陵区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]