1960-2015年西北干旱区相对湿度时空变化与气候要素的定量关系  

Quantitative Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Change of Relative Humidity and Climatic Factors in the Arid Region of Northwest China from 1960 to 2015

作　　者：徐荣潞 李宝富[1] 廉丽姝[1] XU Ronglu;LI Baofu;LIAN Lishu(College of Geography and Tourism,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao,Shangdong 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第6期233-239,246,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“干旱区山区特殊气候变化对出山口径流的影响——以和田河为例”(41501211)。

摘　　要：为了揭示中国干旱区湿度变化特征,基于1960—2015年西北干旱区74个气象站数据,利用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验法以及敏感性分析等方法,对相对湿度的时空变化趋势及其与气温、降水的定量关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1960—2015年,西北干旱区年均相对湿度呈不显著下降趋势,速率为-0.125%/10 a。(2)除秋季相对湿度呈微弱增加趋势(0.087%/10 a),其他季节都呈不显著降低趋势,且春季的下降速率最大(-0.554%/10 a)。(3)空间上,北疆地区的年均相对湿度最大;其次是南疆,而河西走廊最小。但南疆相对湿度呈显著增加(0.228%/10 a),而北疆与河西走廊呈不显著下降趋势。(4)不同区域各季节相对湿度与降水均呈显著(p<0.05)正相关性,而相对湿度与气温主要呈显著(p<0.05)负相关关系。近几十年来,西北干旱区相对湿度呈微弱下降的态势,且具有一定的空间差异。在区域气候暖湿化背景下,若降水量增加10%,可诱发相对湿度增加1.22%;若气温升高10%,可诱发相对湿度减少0.96%。To reveal the characteristics of humidity changes in arid regions of China,we used daily meteorological data from 74 weather stations in the arid region of northwest China(ARNC)from 1960 to 2015,and employed trend analysis,Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test and sensitivity analysis to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of relative humidity(RH)and its quantitative relationships with temperature and precipitation.The results showed that:(1)the mean annual RH showed a non-significant downward trend at a rate of-0.125%/decade from 1960 to 2015;(2)RH showed a slight increasing trend(0.087%/decade)in autumn,a non-significant decreasing trend in winter and summer,and a large decreasing trend in spring(-0.554%/decade);(3)the average annual RH was largest in northern Xinjiang,second largest in southern Xinjiang,and smallest in the Hexi Corridor;however,RH increased significantly in southern Xinjiang(0.228%/decade,p<0.05),while RH showed a non-significant downward trend in northern Xinjiang and Hexi Corridor;(4)RH and precipitation in different regions of different seasons showed the significant positive correlation(p<0.05),while RH and temperature mainly showed the significant negative correlation(p<0.05).In recent decades,RH in the arid region of northwest China had declined slightly,and there were certain spatial differences.Under the background of regional climate warming and humidification,if the precipitation increases by 10%,RH will increase by 1.22%;if the temperature increases by 10%,RH will reduce by 0.96%.

关 键 词：相对湿度 区域差异 西北干旱区 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]