蕉城区野生大茶树迁地种植生态适应性调查初报  

Investigation on the Ecological Adaptability of Wild Tea Camellias with Ex-situ Cultivation in Jiaocheng District

作　　者：杨如兴[1] 陈芝芝[1] 张磊[1] 吴志丹[1] 余文权[2] YANG Ru-xing;CHEN Zhi-zhi;ZHANG Lei;WU Zhi-dan;YU Wen-quan(Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural, Fuzhou Fujian 350013, China;Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农业科学院,福建福州350003

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2020年第3期109-113,共5页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2017R1012-2);农业基础性长期性科技工作国家作物种质资源数据中心观测监测项目(ZX01S140105);福建省农作物种质资源系统调查与抢救性收集行动项目。

摘　　要：2009年蕉城区虎贝乡尼姑坪野生大茶树被福建省认定为受保护茶树品种,采穗扦插繁育迁地保护后,对野生大茶树迁地种植的农艺性状、种子播种出苗率、种植成活率、抗性、产量和品质表现及生化成分等方面进行了观测鉴定,结果表明:蕉城区野生大茶树为乔木型,大叶类,早(中)生种;迁地栽培茶树自然杂交结实率不高,种子播种出苗率总体较低,平均仅为21.72%;JC-5扦插苗种植成活率87.5%,JC-2、JC-3等其它株(系)种植成活率均低于20%;JC-1抗病虫性较弱,JC-2和JC-5等株(系)抗逆性和抗病虫害性较强,适应性好;JC-2单株产量比对照增产2.92%,JC-5、JC-1和JC-3等株(系)产量均低于对照,高者减产超过七成;茶叶品质风味独特,香气清长,滋味苦,均为苦茶;水浸出物、茶多酚含量较高,其中JC-4和JC-5咖啡碱含量较低,分别为0.10%和0.54%,具有低咖啡碱茶产品开发潜能。综上所述,蕉城区野生大茶树迁地种植后,通过栽培驯化,可获得JC-2和JC-5两个综合性状优良的单株直接应用于生产。In 2009,the wild tea camellias in Niguping of Hubei Town in Jiaocheng District was identified as a protected variety of Camellia sinensis by Fujian Province.After the cuttage,breeding and ex-situ conservation,the agronomic characters,seed emergence rate,survival rate of planting seedlings,resistance,yield,quality performance and biochemical components of the wild tea camellias were observed and identified.The results showed that the wild tea camellias in Jiaocheng District were arbor form,large-leaf,and early-sprouting(middle-sprouting)cultivars;and the seed setting rate of tea camellias through the natural hybridization with ex-situ cultivation was not high.The seed emergence rate was low on the whole,with an average of only 21.72%.The survival rate of JC-5 cutting seedlings was 87.5%,while the survival rates of other plants such as JC-2 and JC-3 were all lower than 20%.JC-1 had weak resistance to disease and pest,while JC-2 and JC-5 had strong resistance to disease and insect and good adaptability.The yield per plant of JC-2 was 2.92%higher than that of the control group,while the yield of JC-5,JC-1 and JC-3 was lower than that of the control group,and the yield of plant with the lowest yield was over 70%lower than that of the control group.The quality and flavor of tea were unique,with long aroma and bitter taste,all of which were bitter tea.The content of water extract and tea polyphenols were higher,and the content of caffeine was lower in JC-4 and JC-5(being 0.10%and 0.54%,respectively),which had the potential to develop the tea products with low caffeine.To sum up,after the transplanting of wild tea camellias in Jiaocheng District,through the cultivation and domestication,two individual plants with good comprehensive characters of JC-2 and JC-5 could be directly used for the production.

关 键 词：蕉城区 茶树 野生茶树 品种资源 迁地种植 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]