口述史的复调价值及其实现  

Polyphonic Value of Oral History and its Realization

作　　者：郑佳佳[1] 马翀炜[2] ZHENG Jia-jia;MA Chong-wei(Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学,昆明650093 [2]云南大学,昆明650500

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期72-79,共8页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学规划项目(项目号:YB2019046)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：布罗代尔认为,理想的历史应该是多声部的。现代意义上的口述史的出现使基于文献书写的历史的单声部特征显露无遗。口述史不再是现代社会“沉默的大多数”发出的声音。以口头陈述为基础的口述史的叙事和以文献为基础的历史的书写都同样是有关历史事实的观念的反映。各具独立旋律的叙事与书写理应建立起和谐的关系而形成复调历史。这种复调历史并非杜赞奇基于话语分析方法,以解构民族国家单线叙事为目的的复线历史。口述史与历史二者之间互补互益的差异使反思性知识与批判性知识可以对过去的历史进行检讨并对历史事实进行更为深刻的理解。借鉴历史研究方法及滥觞于研究无文字民族的民族志方法是解决口述史实践中存在的诸多问题的重要路径。Braudel believes that the ideal history should be polyphonic.The appearance of oral history in a modern sense reveals monophonic features of history which is based on written documents.Oral history makes modern society no longer the voice of“silent majority”.Both the narration of oral history based on oral statements and the writing of history based on written documents are the conceptual reflection of historical facts.The narration and writing with their respective independent melody should establish a harmonious relationship to form a polyphonic history.This polyphony is not Prasenjit Duara-styled multiple history relying on the discourse analysis and aiming at deconstructing the linear narrative of the nation-state.The complementary and mutually beneficial differences between oral history and written history enable reflective knowledge and critical knowledge to review the history of the past and have a deeper understanding of historical facts.Learning from historical research methods for ethnographic studies of ethnic minorities who have no written language is a significant approach to solving problems in oral history and related practice.

关 键 词：口述史 历史 复调 民族志方法 

分 类 号：K061[历史地理—历史学]