案例指导制度下的类案参照方法论  

The Methodology of Referring to Similar Case under the Case Guidance System

作　　者：孙海波[1] SUN Hai-bo(Comparative Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《现代法学》2020年第5期50-65,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“构建中国特色案例制度的综合系统研究”(16ZDA068);教育部人文社科青年项目“类案裁判的法理基础与运行机制研究”(20YJC820042);中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目。

摘　　要：待决案件与指导性案例实质上相似,是参照或援引指导性案例裁判的重要前提。然而,如何实现以上判断是实践中遭遇的一个根本难题,如果不从方法论上扫除这一障碍,案例参照活动就无法有效展开。类案判断活动依赖于以待决案件的关键事实、法律争点与裁判要点作为比较点,同时以相关法律规范作为判断的参照标准,通过事实要素的细致比对可获得初步判断。待决案件与指导性案例是否属于类案,仍有待根据判决理由对比较点在法律上的重要性进行评估。在判决理由或裁判要点本身不确定或存在实质缺陷时,应依靠其它理由进行通盘考量,以形成相似与否的终局性判断。Pending cases are substantially similar to guiding cases,which is an important prerequisite for referencing or citing guiding case judgment.However,how to achieve the above judgment is a fundamental difficulty encountered in practice,and if this obstacle is not removed methodologically,the case reference activity cannot be carried out effectively at all.Judgment activities of similar cases rely on the key facts,issue of law and key points of judgment of pending cases as comparison point,and at the same time the relevant legal norms as a reference standard for judgment,and preliminary judgment can be obtained through careful comparison of factual elements.Whether the pending case and the guiding case are similar cases remains to be assessed in terms of the legal importance of comparison points according to the reasons for judgment.When the reasons for judgment or the points of judgment themselves are uncertain or have substantial defects,other reasons should be relied upon for general consideration in order to form a final judgment on whether the cases are similar or not.

关 键 词：类案 比较点 法律规范 裁判要点 判决理由 

分 类 号：DF920.0[政治法律—国际法学]