建设工程领域“黑白合同”规则实证研究——解释论的视角  

An Empirical Study on Double Contracts Rules in the Field of Construction Projects:From the Perspective of Interpretation

作　　者：方乐坤[1] FANG Le-kun(Civil and Commercial law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《现代法学》2020年第5期196-209,共14页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：建设工程领域“黑白合同”的类型包括:就强制招标项目另签背离“白合同”的合同,违法招投标就强制招标项目订立数份合同,就自愿招标项目另签背离中标合同的合同。就构成“实质性内容不一致”的数量标准而言,最高人民法院的相关裁判尺度有待统一。对《施工合同解释(一)》第21条的“黑合同”的效力不作明确认定的做法为最高人民法院绝大多数同类裁判采纳,是可取的。最高人民法院以往裁判更多倾向将自愿招标项目中的前后合同视作合同变更,其与《施工合同解释(二)》第9条规定的抵触需予应对。在“黑白合同”均无效时结算依据的选择上,宜以还原当事人真实意思表示为方向,区分情况选择结算的参照依据。现行“黑白合同”规则存在着体系瑕疵,需要通过法解释予以消除。“黑白合同”规则体现着维护招投标市场秩序的法政策与合同法体系之间的紧张关系,实现二者的有效协调应为制度完善的方向。The situations of double contracts in the construction project field include: signing separate contracts for compulsory bidding projects which deviates from the registered bidding contract;signing several contracts for mandatory bidding projects through illegal bidding;signing separate contracts for noncompulsory bidding projects which deviates from the registered bidding contract. As far as the quantitative standards measuring "inconsistentsubstantial contents",the relevant judgment scales of the Supreme People’s Court need to be uniformed. The practice was adopted by the Supreme People’s Court in the vast majority of similar rulings,which didn’t identify clearly the validity of the "black contract" in Article 21 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of Law in Hearing Disputes over Construction Contracts. This practice is desirable. In the past,the Supreme People’s Court’s judgments tended to consider the previous and subsequent contracts in voluntary bidding projects as contract changing,which contradicted the provisions of article 9 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of Law in Hearing Disputes over Construction Contracts Ⅱ,which needs to be reasonably resolved. On choosing the settlement basis of project prices when double contracts are invalid,the reference basis for choosing settlement should be distinguished according to circumstances,in the direction of restoring the parties’ true intention. There are systematic flaws in the current rules of double contracts,which need to be eliminated through legal interpretation. The double contracts rules reflect the tension between the legal policy for maintaining the bidding market order and the system of Contract Law,and it should be the direction of the related systems improving for the two to coordinate effectively.

关 键 词：建设工程 “黑白合同” 实质性内容不一致 招投标市场秩序 合同自由 

分 类 号：DF920.0[政治法律—国际法学]