世界级短距离越野滑雪运动员专项体能特征研究进展及启示  

Progress and Inspiration of Research on Specific Physical Fitness Characteristics of World-Class Sprint Cross-Country Athletes

作　　者：刘瑞[1,2] 祝杨 钟亚平 王素改 LIU Rui;ZHU Yang;ZHONG Yaping(College of Sprots Training,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;Sports Big Data Research Center,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院体育大数据研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2020年第10期80-87,共8页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项资助项目(2018YFF0300601);湖北省楚天学者计划资助项目(2018)。

摘　　要：短距离越野滑雪是一项比赛强度高、轮次多、赛间间歇短的体能类项目,是我国备战2022年北京冬奥会的重要突破口。主要基于英文文献,探寻世界级短距离越野滑雪运动员专项体能特征,为提升我国该项目专项体能的科学训练水平提供参考。研究发现1)世界级短距离越野滑雪男女运动员的身高分别为175~188 vs.166~176 cm,体重为70~92 vs.55~70 kg,瘦体重占比接近83 vs.70%;2)比赛中的能量供应以有氧代谢为主,并呈现有氧无氧动态交替主导;3)具有较高平均滑行速度和连续“多赛”能力,在起滑和冲刺阶段的速度最快,高速滑行中上、下肢呈现明显的“爆发式”用力特征,躯干力量对各种技术动作运用具有重要影响。为此,国家队冬奥备战科技助力应围绕专项体能突破展开重点攻关,深入探寻影响比赛高速滑行保持能力的生理学与运动学因素,加快提升比赛表现水平。Sprint cross-country skiing is a physical event with high intensity,with many rounds and short intermissions.It is also important for making breakthroughs in China's preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.Based mainly on the English literature review,this paper explored the characteristics of anthropometric,physical function and physical quality of world-class sprint cross-country skiers in hope of providing references for improving the scientific level of specific physical training.The study showed that:1)world-class men and women sprint cross-country skiers were 175-188 vs.166-176 cm in height,70-92 vs.55-70 kg in weight.There lean body mass ratio was nearly 83 vs.70%;2)The energy supply in the race was dominated by aerobic metabolism,and exhibited a dynamic alternating dominance of aerobic and anaerobic.3)High average speed and continuous multi-race ability was better in the start and sprint stages.The upper and lower limbs showed obvious"explosive"force during high-speed gliding.Torso strength had an important influence on a variety of technical movements.Therefore,the preparation of the Chinese national skiing team in preparing for the Winter Olympics should focus on specific physical breakthroughs,in-depth exploration of the physiological and kinematic factors affecting the ability to maintain high-speed gliding in the competition,and the improvement of the competition performance level.

关 键 词：世界级运动员 短距离越野滑雪 专项体能 

分 类 号：G863.13[文化科学—体育训练]