圈养大熊猫人工配合饲料的气味特点与香气成分研究  

Research on Odor Characteristics and Aroma Components of Formulated Feed for Captive Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

作　　者：鲜义坤[1] 杨楠[1] 黄明亚 李裕冬[1] 李松柏 朱英[1] 赵仁仟 熊铁一 XIAN Yikun;YANG Nan;HUANG Mingya;LI Yudong;LI Songbai;ZHU Ying;ZHAO Renqian;XIONG Tieyi(Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences,Chengdu,610041,China;Dadihank Biotech Corp.,Chengdu,611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,成都610041 [2]成都大帝汉克生物科技有限公司,成都611130

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第3期695-704,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：2017年国家林业和草业局大熊猫国际合作资金项目;2018年四川省科技计划省院省校合作项目(18SYXHZ0028);2019年四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2019YFS0462)。

摘　　要：为了探寻大熊猫喜食人工配合饲料的气味特点和香气成分,用嗅感品评和顶空—固相微萃取—气质联用法对圈养大熊猫所食的人工配合饲料进行了气味特点、挥发性有机物及香气成分研究。结果表明:嗅感品评人工配合饲料的气味较强,愉悦度较好,香味较持久,含有焦糖样甜香味、熟玉米香气、豆粕样香气、谷物发酵香气、酸香气息、油脂气息及肉腥气息,其中甜香浓郁;顶空—固相微萃取—气质联用法共发现62种香气成分,归类为醛16种、醇15种、酮10种、杂环化合物6种、烯烃6种、羧酸4种、酚2种、醚1种、酯1种、芳烃1种,相对含量较高的单一香气成分是己醛、苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、1-己醇、2-戊基呋喃、2-呋喃甲醇、麦芽酚、苯乙烯、壬醛及庚醛,醛类、醇类及杂环类香气成分是人工配合饲料气味的主要贡献物质种类;与甜香味相关的香气成分数量多达16种,平均相对含量累计达23.75%。突出的焦糖样甜香味是人工配合饲料气味的主要特征。We investigated the odor characteristics,volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and aroma components of formulated feed preferred by giant pandas using olfactory evaluation and HS-SPME-GC-MS.The odor of formulated feed was stronger in concentration,better in pleasure and longer in aroma permanence by olfactory evaluation.Formulated feed had the odor of caramel burnt sugar,cooked corn,soybean,fermented grain,sour smell,oily smell and meaty fishy smell,in which sweet smell was strong and predominant.Sixty-two aroma components were discovered by HS-SPME-GC-MS and putatively identified,including 16 aldehydes,15 alcohols,10 ketones,6 heterocycles,6 alkenes,4 carboxylic acids,2 phenols,1 ether,1 ester and 1 arene.Aroma components with higher relative contents were hexanal,benzaldehyde,1-octen-3-ol,1-hexanol,2-pentylfuran,2-furanmethanol,maltol,styrene,nonanal and heptanal.The aldehydes,alcohols and heterocycles in aroma components were the main substances contributing to odors of the formulated feed.Sixteen aroma components were related to sweet smell,its average total relative content was 23.8%.Outstanding sweet smell of caramel burnt sugar was the main odorous feature of formulated feed.

关 键 词：圈养大熊猫 人工配合饲料 气味 挥发性有机物 香气成分 嗅感品评 顶空—固相微萃取—气质联用 

分 类 号：S865.3[农业科学—野生动物驯养]