贵州黑颈长尾雉对夜栖地的选择研究  

Roost-Site Selection of Mrs Hume's Pheasant(Syrmaticus humiae)in Guizhou,China

作　　者：周毅 冉景丞 杨卫诚[1,3] 张旭 ZHOU Yi;RAN Jingcheng;YANG Weicheng;ZHANG Xu(College of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550025,China;Wild Animals and Forest Plants Management Station of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,550001,China;Karst Cave Research Canter,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550025,China;Wild Animals and Plant Management Station of Guiyang,Guiyang,550003,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省野生动物和森林植物管理站,贵阳550001 [3]贵州师范大学喀斯特洞穴研究中心,贵阳550025 [4]贵阳市野生动植物管理站,贵阳550003

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第4期951-959,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30560024);贵州省科技基金项目(黔科合LH字LKS[2016]7207号,黔科合支撑[2017]2811号,黔科合重大专项字[2016]3022-3号)。

摘　　要：黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae)是中国特有的世界濒危物种,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,对其夜栖地选择进行研究,为其保护和管理提供科学依据和合理化建议。2019年1—9月,通过直接观察法、守候寻找法、红外相机法、访问法和样方调查法,对贵州黑颈长尾雉自然保护区黑颈长尾雉夜栖地进行研究,共记录10个夜栖地。黑颈长尾雉夜栖地主要位于针阔混交林中,夜间一般在乔木或灌木上休息,一树栖息1只,也有一树栖息2—3只的。利用独立样本t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验黑颈长尾雉夜栖地参数的差异性,除坡度、灌木层盖度、草本层盖度存在差异性外(P<0.05),其余参数差异不显著(P>0.05)。对夜栖地坡位进行卡方检验,结果表明:坡位对于夜栖地选择呈显著关系(χ^2=6.40,P=0.011)。利用主成分分析法,比较黑颈长尾雉夜栖地选择的主要因素,结果表明:影响黑颈长尾雉夜栖地选择的主要因素为栖树因素、水源因素、栖枝因素和上方隐蔽因素。黑颈长尾雉警惕性高,选择“适合植被环境-地形辅助型”的保温方式和采用“栖境隐蔽-易逃逸型”的安全需求策略。开展夜栖地研究,对保护其栖息地、维护种群发展具有重要意义。Mrs Hume s pheasant(Syrmaticus humiae)is an endangered bird endemic to China and listed in CategoryⅠof State Protected Species in China.We studied roost-site selection by Mrs Hume s pheasant to provide a scientific basis and reasonable suggestions for its protection and management.Our study site was at Syrmaticus humiae Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province.Our methods were direct observation,waiting for search,infrared camera traps,interviews of reserve personnel,and quadrat sampling method between January to September 2019.Ten roost-sites were identified.The pheasant mainly roosted in conifer-broadleaf forest with thick canopy,and usually on trees or shrubs.Normally one bird inhabited one tree,but sometimes two or three birds inhabited one tree.The variations of roosting sites were analyzed by Independence sample t tested or Mann-Whitney U test.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed tree species,proximity to water,perch characters,and upper canopy concealment a important roles in roost selection.Pheasants appeared to choose roost sites to aid thermal regulation while enabling concealment and pathways for easy escape from predators.The study of roost sites is of great significance to habitat protection and pheasant conservation.

关 键 词：黑颈长尾雉 夜栖地 主成分分析 贵州 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]