民事再审审查的非讼法理与证明标准  

Research on the Non-litigation Jurisprudence and Standard of Proof for Civil Retrial System

作　　者：陈巍[1] Chen Wei(Law School,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期489-496,共8页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项课题(18VSJ039).

摘　　要：再审审查程序是我国审判监督程序的核心环节,“再审之诉”理论把当事人再审申请权视为诉权的一种,主张用诉权与审判权一般原理构建再审审查程序,既不合理也不现实。基于再审制度的特殊救济功能定位、公益属性以及立法本意,再审审查本质上属于非讼程序,应适用职权探知主义、不公开审理、书面审理、处分权受限以及自由证明等非讼法理,保持程序封闭与单向度。但在被申请人程序利益保障方面,有必要适当引入诉讼法理平衡再审申请人与被申请人的关系。我国法官对于法定再审事由的审查认定享有较大的自由裁量空间与权限,认定再审事由应当适用高度盖然性证明标准,对于程序违法的,可以降低至盖然性优势的证明标准,程序违法不宜作为完全独立的再审启动事由。The procedure of review for retrial application is the core of the trial supervision system in China.The“retrial appeal”theory regards the party’s retrial application right as a kind of litigation right and advocates the application of the general principles of civil litigation to construct a retrial review procedure,which is neither reasonable nor realistic.Based on the special relief function positioning,public welfare attributes and legislative intent of the retrial system,the retrial review procedure is essentially a non-litigation procedure,mainly applicable to non-litigation principles such as inquisitorial fact-finding,non-public trial,written trial,restricted discretion and free proving,so as to make the procedure non-public and unidirectional.However,in terms of the protection of the respondent’s procedural interests,it is necessary to balance the relationship between the applicant and the respondent through litigation principles.Chinese judges have a large degree of discretionary space during the fact recognition.The review procedure shall apply the“high”degree of probability standard of proof to the determination of retrial reasons.Procedural violations should not be used as the fully independent retrial start causes and the standard of proof of the substantial retrial causes may be reduced if there are procedural violations.

关 键 词：再审之诉 再审事由 非讼程序 证明标准 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]