碱蓬及其与土著微生物协同修复海水养殖废水的比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Synergistic Effect of Suaeda salsa and Indigenous Microorganisms on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Mariculture Wastewater

作　　者：蔡鲁祥 杨娜 李丹丹 滕丽华[3] 赵欣园 CAI Lu-xiang;YANG Na;LI Dan-dan;TENG Li-hua;ZHAO Xin-yuan(Department of Environment,Ningbo University of Finance&Economics,Ningbo 315100,China;Ninghai Xujiashan Tea Garden Tourism Development Co.Ltd.,Ninghai 315600,China;College of Biology and Environment,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China;Ningbo EM Water Environment Technology Co.Ltd.,Ningbo 315100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波财经学院环境系,浙江宁波315100 [2]宁海茶院许家山旅游发展有限公司,浙江宁海315600 [3]浙江万里学院生物与环境学院,浙江宁波315100 [4]宁波伊玛水环境科技有限公司,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2020年第10期1333-1338,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：宁波市科技局公益项目(2019C50002);宁波市自然科学基金(2018A610286);宁波市高新区重大科技专项(20201CX050018);浙江省“生物工程”一流学科自设课题(ZS2020007);浙江万里学院生态养殖模式与尾水水质调控科技特派团队项目(甬科社〔2018〕65号);宁波市科技特派员项目(甬财政发[2019]1005号,2018C80007)。

摘　　要：探究了盐生植物碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)单独作用(加入微生物抑制剂)及其与土著微生物协同作用对不同N、P富营养化海水养殖废水的修复效果,结果表明:在高、中、低3个不同污染水平下,碱蓬和土著微生物的协同作用对氨氮的去除率分别为65.11%、51.06%和77.82%;对硝态氮的去除率分别为91.47%、81.98%和52.42%;对活性磷酸盐的去除率分别为68.39%、40.10%和28.96%;使亚硝化细菌下降1~2个数量级,硝化细菌和反硝化细菌增加1~2个数量级。加入微生物抑制剂即仅在碱蓬的作用下,氨氮的去除率分别为94.56%、48.22%和77.97%;硝态氮的去除率分别为44.98%、59.92%和47.71%;活性磷酸盐的去除率分别为33.12%、45.41%和54.21%。由此表明,碱蓬吸收作用下硝态氮去除率占碱蓬与土著微生物协同作用下硝态氮去除率的50%以上,而碱蓬和土著微生物协同作用较碱蓬单独作用的硝态氮和总磷去除能力更强;随着污染物浓度的提高,微生物的存在能增强污染物的去除效果。In order to explore the remediation effect of halophyte(Suaeda salsa)and indigenous microbial on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from mariculture wastewater at different pollution levels,two comparative experiments with and without microbial inhibitors were designed.The concentration changes of nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate,and the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria before and after the repair of Suaeda salsa were determined respectively.The results showed that under the synergistic effect of halophyte and microbial remediation,the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen at high,medium and low levels were 65.11%,51.06%and 77.82%,respectively.The removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 91.47%,81.98%,52.42%,and the removal rates of active phosphate were 68.39%,40.10%,and 28.96%,respectively.Under the action of adding microbial inhibitors to phytoremediation,which means with only the function of halophyte the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen were 94.56%,48.22%,and 77.97%,the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 44.98%,59.92%,and 47.71%,and the removeal rates of active phosphate were 33.12%,45.41%and 54.21%,respectively,and the nitrite bacteria decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude,while the nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude.It is thus proved that the absorption by halophytes is the main way to remove ammonia nitrogen and active phosphate from saline mariculture wastewater,and the removal of nitrate nitrogen mainly depends on the combined action of denitrifying bacteria and halophyte absorption.With the increase of pollutant concentration,the presence of microorganisms can significantly promote the removal of pollutants.

关 键 词：碱蓬(Suaeda salsa) 富营养化 海水养殖废水 植物修复 微生物修复 协同作用 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q178[生物学—水生生物学]