载人航天器环境微生物免培养法检测技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Culture-independent Monitoring Technology for Environment Microorganisms in Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：辛冰牧[1,2] 王珩 徐冲 赵爽[1] 张红[1] 谢琼[1] XIN Bingmu;WANG Heng;XU Chong;ZHAO Shuang;ZHANG Hong;XIE Qiong(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 10094,China;Space Science and Technology Institute(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]深圳绿航星际太空科技研究院,深圳518172

出　　处：《载人航天》2020年第5期664-670,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天预先研究项目(010101);后勤科研重点项目(BWS17J030);科技部重大新药创制课题(2015ZX09J15102-002)。

摘　　要：随着飞行时间的延长,载人航天器座舱中微生物的危害会越来越严重,环境微生物监测对保障乘组健康和航天器安全至关重要。目前载人航天器所使用的检测方法主要为培养法,随着新技术的不断涌现,以ATP、LPS、DNA等分子生物标志物为靶点的非培养法检测技术被设计应用于载人航天器环境微生物监测。回顾了在轨微生物检测技术的发展过程,重点介绍了目前在轨应用的以培养法为基础的微生物评价方法和以非培养法为基础的微生物鉴定方法的研究进展,比较分析了各类方法的优点及不足,以期为中国在轨微生物检测技术的发展提供建议和参考。Manned space vehicle will contain an increased population of microorganisms as mission length extends,so the on-orbit monitoring of microbial environment is of great importance for the crew health and the system safety.At present,the culture-dependent analysis method is mainly used to estimate the microbial burden within a spacecraft.With the rapid development of microbial monitoring technologies,culture-independent methods targeting biomarkers such as ATP,LPS,and DNA are being designed for environment microorganisms monitoring in manned spacecraft.In this paper,the development of on-orbit microbial detection technologies was reviewed and the research progresses of culture based microbial evaluation methods and the non-culture based microbial identification methods were introduced in detail.In addition,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were compared and analyzed so as to provide suggestions and references for the development of on orbit-microbial detection technology in China.

关 键 词：载人航天器 微生物污染 微生物监测 培养法 非培养法 

分 类 号：V7[航空宇航科学技术]