人类道德行为的现象性和规律性  

The Phenomenality and Regularity of Human Moral Behavior

作　　者：向玉乔[1] Xiang Yuqiao(Moral Culture Research Center,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学道德文化研究中心,长沙410081

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期36-44,共9页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家杜科基金重大招标项目“中国共产党的集体道德记忆研究”(项目编号:19ZDA034)。

摘　　要：道德行为是具有道德价值的人类行为方式,可以区分为行动性道德行为、言语性道德行为、心理性道德行为等类型。人类道德行为兼有现象性和规律性。很多人因为仅仅聚焦于人类道德行为的现象性而陷入盲目的道德乐观主义、道德悲观主义或道德迷茫主义泥潭,其实质是对道德行为自由问题缺乏正确认知。道德行为自由是人类在道德行为上摆脱肓目性的状态。获取道德行为自由是人类道德生活的根本目的,没有道德行为自由的人在完成具体道德行为的时候会有“被强制”的感觉。要获得道德行为自由,人们对人类道德行为的认识必须实现从现象性到规律性的飞跃。道德行为规律是支配人类道德行为的必然性。支配世界万事万物存在的最一般规律以及支配自然界进化的自然规律、支配人类社会发展的社会规律、支配人类思维活动的思维规律都适用于人类道德行为。人类道德行为在不断发展的过程中也必然会形成一些自己特有的规律。马克思认为人类道德行为应该受到多种规律的支配,但他反对将“规律”归结为“普遍法则”的做法。Moral behavior is a human behavior mode with moral value,which can be divided into actional moral behavior,verbal moral behavior,psychological moral behavior,and so on.Human moral behavior is characterized with both phenomenality and regularity.Many people have fallen into the mire of blind moral optimism,moral pessimism or moral confusion because they focus more or only on the phenomenality of human moral behavior,whose nature is their lacking in the correct cognition of the freedom of moral behavior.The freedom of moral behavior is a state in which human beings have got rid of blindness in moral behavior.To obtain the freedom of moral behavior is the fundamental purpose of human moral life,and people without the freedom of moral behavior will have the feeling of“being forced”in the process of completing their concrete moral behavior.In order to obtain the freedom of moral behavior,people’s understanding of human moral behavior must realize the leap-forward from phenomenality to regularity.The law of human moral behavior is the inevitability that dominates human moral behavior.The most general law governing the existence of all things in the world,the natural law governing the evolution of the Nature,the social law governing the development of human society,and the thinking law governing human thinking activities,are all applicable to human moral behavior.Human moral behavior will inevitably form some of its own unique laws in the process of continuous development.Marx believed that human moral behavior should be governed by many laws,but he opposed the practice of attributing these laws to“universal laws”.

关 键 词：道德行为 规律 道德行为自由 

分 类 号：B82-02[哲学宗教—伦理学]