外泌体在卵巢癌诊断中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer

作　　者：孙昊 吴玉仙(审校)[1] 金志军(审校)[1] SUN Hao;WU Yu-xian;JIN Zhi-jun(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Shanghai Changzheng Hospital,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]上海长征医院妇产科,200003

出　　处：《国际妇产科学杂志》2020年第5期540-543,共4页Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology

摘　　要：外泌体(exosomes)是大多数细胞均会分泌的一种直径为30~100 nm的细胞外囊泡,是含有不同类型信息载体[如DNA、微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和蛋白质等]的通讯工具。外泌体广泛存在于血液、母乳、尿液、胸水、腹水、脑脊液等多种体液中。研究表明外泌体有着介导细胞间通讯的潜在功能,可以激活多种信号通路,这一现象在肿瘤的发生过程中也有所体现。外泌体在肿瘤组织中含量明显多于正常组织。由于缺乏早期诊断的标志物,卵巢癌尤其是上皮性卵巢癌,诊断时多为晚期(FIGOⅢ期或Ⅳ期),且容易对化疗产生耐药,5年生存率显著降低。综述近年来外泌体在卵巢癌诊断中的相关研究,总结研究最为广泛的miRNA和蛋白质,为进一步寻找卵巢癌早期诊断的生物标志物提供思路。Exosomes are extracellular vesicles 30 to 100 nm in diameter that are secreted by most cells.Exosomes are communication tools containing different types of information carriers such as DNA,microRNAs(miRNA),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)and proteins.It’s widely found in blood,breast milk,urine,pleural fluid,ascites,cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids.Studies have shown that exosomes have the potential function of mediating intercellular communication and can activate a variety of signaling pathways,which is also reflected in the occurrence of tumors.Moreover,the content of exosomes is significantly higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues.Ovarian cancer,especially the epithelial ovarian cancer,is mostly diagnosed of late stage(FIGO stageⅢorⅣ)because of the lack of early diagnostic markers.It is also easy to produce drug resistance to chemotherapy.The five-year survival rate is greatly reduced because of these reasons.In this review,we summarize the relevant papers about the exosome reserches on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer including the miRNA and protein to provide ideas for further searching biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

关 键 词：外泌体 卵巢肿瘤 微RNAS 生物标记 肿瘤 诊断 肿瘤分期 

分 类 号：R737.31[医药卫生—肿瘤]