浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化研究进展  

A review on the aeolian desertification in the Otindag Sandy Land

作　　者：赵媛媛 武海岩 丁国栋 高广磊 屠文竹 Zhao Yuanyuan;Wu Haiyan;Ding Guodong;Gao Guanglei;Tu Wenzhu(School of Soil and Water Conservation/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Yanchi Research Station in the Mu Us Desert,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院/水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第5期101-111,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971130);中央引导地方科技发展项目“浑善达克沙地生态文化产业关键技术研究与示范”。

摘　　要：浑善达克沙地是中国沙漠化最严重的地区之一。本文从土地沙漠化过程及驱动力、沙漠化的生态环境影响、沙漠化防治与资源的可持续利用等方面总结了20世纪80年代以来浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化相关研究的指标、方法和主要发现,并展望了进一步研究的方向。在浑善达克沙地开展的土地沙漠化相关研究于2003年以后突变式增加。20世纪80年代末期到2000年是区域沙漠化的快速发展期,之后植被得到有效恢复,沙漠化减缓。气候变化是触发区域沙漠化的关键自然因子,而过度放牧和植被建设是区域沙漠化发展或逆转的直接人为主导因素。土地沙漠化是浑善达克沙地及周边地区沙尘天气频发的主要诱因,也影响了牧草供给、侵蚀控制等多种生态系统服务。固沙植被的生理特征、不同治沙模式和技术的效益评估等研究为防沙治沙提供了理论支撑。未来研究需进一步聚焦国家需求,准确提炼科学问题,丰富研究尺度和科学方法,以正确认识复杂的沙漠化过程,为沙漠化土地的可持续利用提供科学支撑。The Otindag Sandy Land is reported to be one of the most seriously desertified areas in China. In this paper,we reviewed 220 published peer-reviewed studies conducted in the Otindag Sandy Land since 1980 s and discussed existing shortcomings and challenges. Indicators,major methods and key finding were summarized from three aspects including the aeolian desertification and its driving forces,the eco-environmental impacts,and the sustainable use of desertified lands in the Otindag Sandy Land. The number of related papers increased abruptly from 2003. Results indicated that the aeolian desertification of the Otindag Sandy Land intensified from late 1980 s to 2000,but showed a reverse trend after 2000. Climate change is the key factor triggering regional desertification. Overgrazing and vegetation construction are the direct and dominant human factors for the expanding or shrinking of the desertified lands. The aeolian desertification had impacts on dust weather and various ecosystem services such as forage provision,erosion control. Studies on plant adaptability and evaluations of desertification control technology provided theory support for local desertification combating. Future research needs to further focus on government’s needs to accurately propose scientific questions,enrich research scales and scientific methods,in order to correctly understand the complex desertification process,and to provide scientific support for the sustainable use of desertified lands in drylands.

关 键 词：浑善达克沙地 土地沙漠化 生态环境效应 沙漠化防治 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]