大西安都市圈城市热岛效应时空分布特征及AOD对热岛强度的影响研究  

Research on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Effect and the Influence of AOD on Urban Heat Island Intensity in the Greater Xi’an Metropolitan Area

作　　者：梁秀娟 王旭红[1,2,3] 牛林芝 韩海青 郑玉蓉 张秀 LIANG Xiujuan;WANG Xuhong;NIU Linzhi;HAN Haiqing;ZHENG Yurong;ZHANG Xiu(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Xi’an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [3]陕西西安城市生态系统定位观测研究站,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第8期1566-1580,共15页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971387,41071271);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-430)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着城市化进程快速发展以及城市气溶胶污染的加重,城市热岛效应(UHI)日益明显。以大西安都市圈为研究对象,利用2003—2018年MODIS LST数据提取了大西安近16 a的地表温度信息,基于Mann-Kendall非参数检验法、Pearson相关分析和R/S分析法等方法研究分析了大西安城市热岛效应时空分布特征,剖析了城市热岛强度与其影响因子的相关性,以及定量评估了气溶胶对城市热岛效应的贡献。结果表明,(1)大西安都市圈在2003—2018年间白天平均地表温度为21.68℃,夜晚为7.28℃,年均和季均地表温度均呈现上升趋势,整个研究区地表温度在空间上呈现北高南低的分布格局。(2)全年昼夜平均地表温度变化率分别为0.123℃·a^−1和0.051℃·a^−1。从四季地表温度趋势检验结果来看,夏季白天(P<0.01)和冬季白天(P<0.05)均呈现上升趋势;夏季、秋季和冬季在夜晚也呈现上升趋势,并且分别通过了0.05、0.05和0.01的显著性检验。(3)影响全年白天城市热岛强度的主要因素是NL、EVI、人口密度和不透水表面,在夜间影响因素主要为NL、AOD和不透水表面,其中,不透水表面是影响城市热岛的最直接因素。(4)估算得到气溶胶对稳定城市区域夜间UHI的贡献为(1.64±0.16)℃,对城市区域夜间UHI的贡献为(1.92±0.14)℃,由于城市区域周边工业工厂较多,因此气溶胶污染相比稳定城区较高。然而,通过治理气溶胶污染可以有效地缓解夜间城市热岛现象和热胁迫。In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization and the deterioration of urban aerosol pollution,the urban heat island(UHI)effect has become increasingly obvious.This study adopted the Greater Xi’an Metropolitan Area as the research object,using MODIS LST data from 2003 to 2018 to extract the land surface temperature(LST)information of Greater Xi’an for the past 16 years.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the UHI effect and the correlation between the UHI intensity and its influence factors were analyzed,and the contribution of aerosols to the UHI effect was quantitatively evaluated in the Greater Xi’an Metropolitan Area with the methods such as Mann-Kendall non-parametric test method,Pearson correlation analysis,R/S analysis method.The results showed that:(1)The average LST of the Greater Xi’an Metropolitan Area during the day and night from 2003 to 2018 was 21.68℃and 7.28℃,respectively.Both annual average and quarterly average LST showed an increasing trend,and the LST of the entire study area presented a spatial distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south.(2)The annual average LST variation rate of day and night was 0.123℃·a^−1 and 0.051℃·a^−1,respectively.From the perspective of the four-season LST trend test,summer LST(P<0.01)and winter LST(P<0.05)presented an upward trend during the day.In addition,LST in summer,autumn,and winter also had a growing trend upward trend at night and the corresponding statistical test analysis had passed the significance test of 0.05,0.05,and 0.01 respectively.(3)The main factors affecting the UHI intensity during the day were NL,EVI,population density,and impervious surface.At night,the main factors were NL,AOD,and impervious surface.Among them,impervious surface is the most direct factor affecting UHI intensity.And(4)it was estimated that the contribution of aerosols to night UHI effect in stable urban areas was(1.64±0.16)℃,and the contribution to night UHI effect in urban areas was(1.92±0.14)℃.Si

关 键 词：城市热岛效应 地表温度 城市热岛强度 气溶胶 大西安都市圈 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]