“入学年龄规定”会产生教育不平等吗?——来自1986年《义务教育法》的证据  

Does the “Regulation of School Starting Age” Cause Educational Inequality?——Evidence from the 1986 Compulsory Education Law in China

作　　者：林文炼 李长洪 WENLIAN LIN;CHANGHONG LI(Sun Yat-sen University;Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院 [2]厦门大学王亚南经济研究院

出　　处：《经济学（季刊）》2020年第3期959-976,共18页China Economic Quarterly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71873048);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA79001)的资助。

摘　　要：截至当年8月31日,年满六(七)周岁的儿童可以入读小学,年龄不足的儿童需推迟一年入学。本文研究了这一入学年龄规定的教育不平等效应。以1986年实施的《义务教育法》作为准自然实验,利用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,采用双重差分法的结果显示:受入学年龄规定影响而推迟入学的学生,入读高中的可能性显著下降。究其原因,在升学决策时,推迟入学带来的"机会成本劣势"是导致教育机会在不同出生月份群体间不平等分配的重要原因。A child must be six or seven years of age before September 1 st to begin primary school while those who born after the cutoff date have to start school a year later. Utilizing the 1986 Compulsory Education Law in China as a quasi-natural experiment,we examine the impact of the regulation of school starting age on educational inequality. Based on the 2005 Population Census, we find that the regulation decreased delayed children’s likelihood to attend high school. This educational inequality occurred because delayed children graduated at an older age and faced greater opportunity costs of high school education.

关 键 词：入学年龄规定 教育不平等 机会成本 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]