法学研究新范式: 计算法学的内涵、范畴与方法  

A New Paradigm of Legal Research:Connotation,Category and Methodoloy of Computational Law

作　　者：申卫星[1] 刘云 SHEN Weixing

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2020年第5期3-23,共21页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“互联网经济的法治保障研究”(18ZDA149);科技部国家重点研发项目“热点案件和民生案件审判智能辅助技术研究”(2018YFC0831900)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：信息技术的本质是计算。计算的内涵已经超越传统的数学运算,扩展到逻辑推理乃至成为观察世界的一种方法论。计算法学是传统法学面对“计算无处不在”的时代现象和“计算主义”认识论所形成的一种新范式。计算法学是基于计算的对象、方法以及能力等方面的差异而产生不同的法律问题以及与法律相关的技术问题,从而融入计算思维研究法律问题,利用计算方法开展法律大数据分析,以及结合计算技术研究法律科技的一门学科。法学的“计算范式”转变有利于去除“法律+信息技术”的碎片化问题,同时促进计算空间的治理结构从过去的权威法治规范向多元治理转变,促进法学研究方法从规范分析向数据分析拓展,并有利于形成计算化社会所需要的法律与技术融合治理模式。计算法学的发展需要构建跨学科融合的学术共同体,以提升我国普适计算时代的法律科学研究水平和现代化的法治能力。The essence of information technology is scientific computation.Nowadays,the connotation of the word of“computation”has already transcended the scope of traditional mathematical operations,extended to logical reasoning,and become a methodology to observe the world.Computational law science is a new paradigm formed when traditional law science is faced with the phenomenon of“ubiquitous computing”and the epistemology of“computationism”.Computational law science is a legal discipline that studies a variety of critical legal and technical issues revealed in information society on the basis of different objects,methods and abilities of scientific computation.It integrates computational thinking into the research of legal issues,applies computational methods to carry out big data analysis of law,and combines legal research with computational technology to develop a future-oriented legal science and legal technology.The transformation of the“computing paradigm”in law is reflected by the transformation of the governance structure of computing space,which changes from authoritative pattern of rule of law into the multi-level governance,along with the change of legal research method from the normative analysis to computational analysis,as well as the transformation of the social governance mode characterized by the integration of law and technology in the computational society.The future development of computational law science calls for the establishment of an interdisciplinary academic community to promote the rule of law in Chinese information society and to optimize the modernization of research paradigm in legal fields.

关 键 词：计算法学 交叉学科 法学范式 信息社会 

分 类 号：TP30[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构] D90[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]