证明责任制度本质重述  

Restatement of the Nature of the Burden of Proof

作　　者：胡学军 HU Xuejun

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2020年第5期139-157,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民事证明责任的实证考察与制度重构”(13BFX069)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：证明责任概念本质所指为客观证明责任,主观抽象证明责任为客观证明责任之表象,而具体举证责任实为证明责任之假象。在“规范说”的方法论下,证明责任既非事实问题,也非纯粹的法律问题,而属将事实与法律连结的“法律适用”问题。证明责任规范应直接来自实体法规范,其本质是一个实体法规范要件的补充规范。现代证明责任是一种作为案件事实真伪不明情形下的一般性克服方法的形式理性制度,其最深层的本质就是以法律价值权衡化解事实认知模糊状态,化消极无解之事实判断为积极的法律价值引导,其性质属于“实质司法权”。The essence of the concept of burden of proof is the objective burden of proof,the subjective abstract burden of proof is the appearance of objective burden of proof,and the concrete burden of proof is the false appearance of burden of proof.Under the methodology of“normative theory”,burden of proof is neither a matter of fact nor a pure matter of law,but a question of“application of law”,which links facts with law.Norms of burden of proof should come directly from the norms of substantive law,and their essences are supplementary norms of the norms of substantive law.Modern burden of proof is a kind of formal rational system aimed at overcoming the difficulties resulting from unclear facts of a case.Its deepest essence is to solve the fuzzy state of fact cognition by weighing legal values and turn negative and unsolved fact judgments into positive legal value guidance.

关 键 词：证明责任 客观证明责任 主观抽象证明责任 证明责任规范 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]