西藏“一江两河”耕地生态安全时空格局与障碍诊断  

Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Diagnosis of Cultivated Land Ecological Security in“One River and Two Tributaries”Region in Tibet

作　　者：李丹[1] 田沛佩 罗红英[3] 罗玉峰[1] 崔远来[1] LI Dan;TIAN Peipei;LUO Hongying;LUO Yufeng;CUI Yuanlai(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Renewable Energy,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College,Linzhi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]华北电力大学可再生能源学院,北京102206 [3]西藏农牧学院水利与土木工程学院,林芝860000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第10期213-222,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA2004030102);国家自然科学基金项目(91647204);西藏农牧学院柔性引进人才项目。

摘　　要：基于青藏高原农业活动对耕地生态系统的影响,针对青藏高原耕地生态安全面临的问题,从压力状态响应(Pressstateresponse,PSR)概念模型出发,提出由3类要素、13种指标所组成的耕地生态安全评价指标体系,构建西藏“一江两河”地区耕地生态安全评价模型,分析1985—2013年期间耕地生态安全的时空演变格局,探讨不同区域耕地生态安全的障碍因素。结果表明,西藏“一江两河”地区农业活动强度较大,尤其2000年以来,化肥、农药的成倍施用给生态安全带来巨大的隐患。20世纪,各县耕地生态安全基本处于“优秀”水平;2000—2010年,各县耕地生态安全等级下降,逐步向“差”转化;2010年以后,耕地生态安全有所改善,逐渐恢复为“优秀”或“良好”。整体来看,“一江两河”地区耕地生态安全水平较为一致,仅个别县域生态安全水平较为落后。区域耕地生态安全障碍因子具有相似性和差异性双重特征,单位面积氮肥、磷肥施用量是限制耕地生态安全的主要障碍因素。本研究揭示了高原地区耕地生态安全的演变过程,可为制定差别化的生态安全调控策略提供依据。In view of the challenges faced by the ecological security of cultivated land on the QinghaiTibet Plateau,an evaluation model for the ecological security of cultivated land in“one river and two tributaries”in Tibet was established to clarify the impact of agricultural development on the ecological security of cultivated land.The ecological security of cultivated land index system was proposed based on pressurestateresponse(PSR)model,consisting of three elements and 13 indicators.The spatial and temporal change pattern of cultivated land ecological security from 1985 to 2013 was analyzed,and the obstacle factors of cultivated land ecological security in different regions were probed.Results showed that the intensity of agricultural development in the“one river and two tributaries”region of Tibet was relatively high,especially since 2000,when the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides brought huge hidden dangers to ecological security.Before the 21th century,cultivated land ecological security in all counties was basically at the“excellent”level.From 2000 to 2010,the level of cultivated land ecological security in all counties was decreased and gradually changed to“poor”.Then,cultivated land ecological security was improved after 2010 and gradually recovered to“excellent”or“good”.The grade of cultivated land ecological security in the“one river and two tributaries”areas as a whole was relatively consistent,but the level of ecological security in a few counties was relatively backward.The obstacle factors of regional cultivated land ecological security both had a certain regional similarity and an obvious spatial heterogeneity.The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was the main obstacle to the ecological security of cultivated land.The research result can reveal the historical and realistic state of the evolution of cultivated land ecological security in the plateau region and provide a basis for formulating differentiated ecological security regulation strategi

关 键 词：耕地生态安全 时空格局 障碍因子 农业活动 “一江两河”地区 

分 类 号：F301.22[经济管理—产业经济] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]