19世纪和20世纪德国鲁尔工业区环境问题与综合治理  

Environmental Problems and Comprehensive Treatment of Ruhr Region in the 19th and 20th Centuries

作　　者：江山[1] 林超君 Jiang Shan;Lin Chaojun(School of Foreign Languages,Nanchang Hangkong University)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学外国语学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期81-93,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2015年国家社会科学基金项目“德国环境史研究”(15BSS026)。

摘　　要：从某种意义上说,鲁尔区是德国工业革命史的一个缩影,而其环境变迁也成为德国环境史特别是工业污染史中的一个重要组成部分。鉴于此,本文从回顾鲁尔区诞生前的原始自然环境入手,着重分析工业区形成后环境问题的产生和严重后果,其中选取两个最有代表性的实例,即埃姆舍尔河严重污染以及空气污染,来展示19世纪和20世纪鲁尔区的环境变迁情况。此外,德国如何根治这个最大的工业污染区,“还鲁尔区一片蓝天”,这是本文研究的重点。随着20世纪70年代德国生态革命时代的到来和广大民众意识的觉醒,通过政治呼吁、法律法规的颁布实施、公民动议和社会组织团体的大力支持,以及鲁尔区自身实施的工业转型、技术革新和生态修复,近200年来一直困扰的环境问题终于得到根治,一个崭新的工业文化创新地就此形成。2010年被欧盟推选为“欧洲文化之都”的鲁尔区所形成的独特文化景观可以说是对1996年德国提出的“一个有应对未来能力的德国”这个战略口号的积极回应。在这方面,鲁尔区的成功经验无疑可为我国生态文明建设提供有益的借鉴和参考。In a sense,Ruhr region miniaturizes the history of German industrial revolution.Its environmental changes constitute an important part of German environmental history,especially the history of industrial pollution.On that account,the paper reviews the primitive natural environment before the birth of Ruhr region with emphasis on uncovering the formation and serious consequences of environmental problems.The pollution and the air pollution of Emscher are taken as the representatives to show the environmental evolution in Ruhr region in the 19th and 20th centuries.In addition,the paper focuses on how to deal with industrial pollution in the largest industrial pollution area and“return the blue sky to Ruhr region”(Willy Brant).With German ecological revolution in 1970s,as a result of the awakening of the public awareness,by means of political appeal,issuance and execution of laws and regulations,public action and concerted support of social organizations,industrial transformation in Ruhr region,technical improvement,and ecological rehabilitation,the environmental problems which have been troubling for the past two hundred years have been eradicated,and a new industrial culture innovative area has been established.The region,hailed as“the capital of European culture”due to its unique cultural landscapes,has been actively responding to the 1996 strategic slogan of“Make German a country which can deal with every challenge in the future”.In this regard,the successful experience can serve as a guide for the promotion of eco‑civilization in China.

关 键 词：德国环境史 19世纪和20世纪 鲁尔工业区 环境问题 综合治理 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]