环保传播中的民粹主义风险及规避  

Risk and Avoidance Strategies of Populism in Environment Communication

作　　者：吴静怡 Wu Jingyi(Faculty of Humanities&Social Sciences,Nanjing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期105-113,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省高等教育教改研究立项课题“新时代卓越绿色新闻传播人才培养模式的建构与实践研究”(2019JSJG151);中国科协2020年度研究生科普能力提升项目资助“新时代我国林业科普的现状、问题及对策研究”(kxyjs202024)。

摘　　要：民粹主义作为一种反精英的社会思潮,对环保传播的影响越来越大。受民粹主义影响的环保传播者,往往对精英阶层充满偏见,固执地认为社会精英的环保行为大多出于私利,而民众的环保诉求却存在绝对合理性,因而受民粹主义影响的环保人士更倾向于发动民众开展环境抗争。环保传播中的民粹主义具有多重风险,它虽能调动更多民众参与环保传播,却会迫使政府作出超常规环境决策,进而诱发政府公信力下降等次生新危机,同时引发公众反技术倾向,阻碍社会生产力发展。此外,在民粹主义影响下,公众的环境诉求往往会曲解生态环保价值,公众的环境抗争也会悖离绿色文化本质。因此,预防和规避环保传播中的民粹主义,对营造清朗环境舆论空间、保障人与自然和谐共生、维护社会稳定等方面具有重要意义。针对环保传播中民粹主义带来的负面影响,笔者认为,进一步提高环境信息透明度、准确把握环境舆论引导力度、全面提升网民媒介素养、与意见领袖建立建设性伙伴关系、提高以人民为中心的媒体报道水平、大力培养环境新闻传播人才等,是有效预防和降低环保传播中民粹主义负面影响的策略性选择。As an anti‑elite social trend of thought,populism has a growing impact on environment communication.Environmental communicators influenced by populism are often full of prejudice against elites,and stubbornly believe that the environmental protection behaviors of social elites are mostly out of private interests,while the public's environmental demands are absolutely reasonable.Therefore,environmentalists influenced by populism tend to mobilize the public to carry out environmental action.Populism in environment communication has multiple risks.Although it can mobilize more people to participate in environment communication,it tends to force the government to make environmental decisions beyond the norm,leading to the decline of government credibility and other secondary crises.Meanwhile,it tends to trigger the public anti‑technology tendency and hinder the development of social productivity.In addition,under the influence of populism,the environmental demands of the public often distort the value of ecological environment protection,and the environmental action of the public will deviate from the essence of green culture.Therefore,it is of great significance to prevent and avoid populism in environment communication,to create a clear space for public opinion to ensure the harmonious coexistence of man and nature,and to maintain social stability.To prevent and minimize the negative impact of populism in environment communication,the author suggests strategic choices including futher improving the transparency of environmental information,properly guiding of environmental public opinion,comprehensively improving the media literacy of netizens,establishing constructive partnership with opinion leaders,improving the level of people‑centered media reporting,and making great efforts to cultivate environmental news communication talents.

关 键 词：环保传播 民粹主义 多重风险 环境群体事件 舆论引导 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]