美、德、日、中先进制造技术优势的比较研究  

Advantages of Advanced Manufacturing Technology in America,Germany,Japan and China:A Comparative Study

作　　者：李林[1] 杨锋林[1] 何建洪[1] Li Lin;Yang Fenglin;He Jianhong(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学经济管理学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《情报杂志》2020年第10期65-71,58,共8页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家社会科学基金面上项目“后追赶阶段我国企业面向先进制造业的技术赶超研究”(编号:18BGL039)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]先进制造技术是支撑全球第四次工业革命的重要基石。由于技术策略的差异,先进制造技术在世界各国呈现显著的时间、空间不均衡特征,对其发展特征的探讨将有利于赶超国家抓住发展机会并调整技术创新战略。[方法/过程]基于技术生命周期理论,运用Logistic模型与RTA指数对美、德、日、中在先进制造技术创新的时间序列、子领域空间分布情况进行分析,进而简要比较了不同国家的先进制造技术优势以及对中国发展先进制造技术可能启示。[结果/结论]结果发现,无论是从整体的时间序列,还是特定的国家看,先进制造技术子领域创新发展并不均衡,这种不均衡可能是各国政府直接或间接干预的结果;从技术生命周期趋势看,2017-2023年是全球先进制造技术转型发展的一个重要时期,多数技术领域都存在创新突破的机会窗口,因此也可能是后发国家实现追赶的时间窗口。有效识别这样的机会窗口对于我国制定引导性政策推动先进制造技术创新、加快经济转型发展有着重要的意义。[Purpose/Significance]Advanced manufacturing technology(AMT)is cornerstone to the fourth industrial revolution.Due to the differences in technological strategies,countries exhibit significant time and space imbalances in the development of AMT.Discussions on the development characteristics of AMT will help a country to seize development opportunities and adjust technological innovation strategies.[Method/Process]Based on the technology life cycle theory,this paper uses Logistic model and RTA index to analyze the time series and sub-field spatial distribution of AMT innovation in America,Germany,Japan,and China,and then briefly compares the advantages of AMT in different countries and the possible inspiration for China to develop AMT.[Result/Conclusion]The results found that,regardless of the overall time series or specific countries,the innovation and development of AMT sub-fields are not balanced.This imbalance may be the result of direct or indirect intervention by governments.From the perspective of technology life cycle trends,2017-2023 is an important period for the transformation and development of global AMT because there are opportunities for innovative breakthroughs in most technical fields,so it may also be a time window for catching-up countries.Effective identification of such window of opportunity is of great significance for China to formulate guiding policies to promote AMT innovation and accelerate economic transformation and development.

关 键 词：先进制造技术 技术生命周期 显性技术优势指数 技术领先 专利 工业强国 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]