学位撤销案件中的司法审查范围模式及其反思  

The Models of Scope of Judicial Review in the Cases of Revoking Academic Degree

作　　者：林华 Lin Hua

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院 [2]中国政法大学教育部青少年法制教育研究基地

出　　处：《东方法学》2020年第6期158-169,共12页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大委托项目“创新发展中国特色社会主义法治理论体系研究”(项目批准号:17@ZH014);“中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划”(项目批准号:20CXTD06)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：通过对1998年至2020年间我国人民法院(以下统称“法院”)公开发布的所有学位撤销案件进行爬梳,我们可以观察到法院在学位撤销案件中到底审查了什么以及审查范围对案件结果的潜在影响。基于不同的司法立场,法院在审查高校撤销学位决定的范围和内容层面存在“全面审查模式”“程序化审查模式”“实体性审查模式”和“直接审查模式”四种类型。不同的审查范围模式对受教育者的基本权利保护产生重要影响。在保护基本权利、强化法院释法说理、实质性解决行政争议的理念下,“实质化的全面审查模式”对高校学位撤销决定的事实认定、法律程序和法律适用都进行全面审查,而且还对案件所涉舞弊作伪事实是否满足《学位条例》中的学位撤销构成要件这一核心问题进行论证说理,这种模式宜成为法院确定学位撤销案件司法审查范围标准的理想类型。By analyzing all the cases of revoking academic degree published by the people's court of China(hereinafter referred to as"the court")from 1998 to 2020,we can observe the content that has been reviewed by the courts in the cases of revoking academic degree and the potential impact of the scope of review on the results of cases.Based on different judicial standpoints,there are four models of the scope of judicial review which are"the model of comprehensive review","the model of procedural review","the model of substantive review"and"the model of direct review".Different models of the scope of judicial review have a great influence on the protection of fundamental rights.Within the idea of protecting the fundamental rights and strengthening,the reasoning of courts'interpretation and substantively resolve academic degrees'disputes,"the model of the essence of comprehensive review",which not only has a comprehensive review on the fact of,the legal procedures of and legal application of revoking academic degrees but also reasoning the constitutive requirements of revoking academic degrees,as provided in the Ordinance on Degrees,should be the standard of the ideal model of the scope of judicial review for courts to determine cases of revoking academic degrees.

关 键 词：学位 学位撤销 司法审查范围 全面审查 程序化审查 学位条例 

分 类 号：DF36[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]