大学生早餐行为现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the status of breakfast behavior and its influencing factors in college students

作　　者：张婉君 齐凯 马少勇 邵志敏 赵颖 金岳龙 陈燕 姚应水 ZHANG Wanjun;QI Kai;MA Shaoyong;SHAO Zhimin;ZHAO Ying;JIN Yuelong;CHEN Yan;YAO Yingshui(School of Public Health,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院公共卫生学院皖南医学院慢性病防制研究所,安徽芜湖241002 [2]皖南医学院后勤管理处,安徽芜湖241002 [3]皖南医学院护理学院,安徽芜湖241002 [4]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [5]安徽中医药高等专科学校,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《皖南医学院学报》2020年第5期482-486,共5页Journal of Wannan Medical College

基　　金：安徽省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(SK2019A0227,SK2016A0947);安徽省名师工作室(2014msgzs151)。

摘　　要：目的:了解大学生早餐行为现状,分析其影响因素,为有针对性地改善大学生不良饮食习惯提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法对芜湖地区8所高校4585名大学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征及中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷。结果:芜湖市大学生不吃早餐的报告率为13.4%(559/4160)。单因素分析显示,性别、院校类别、年级、生源地、家庭因素(家庭年收入、母亲学历、父母职业),以及其他健康危险行为(抑郁情绪、自杀相关行为、不健康减肥行为、缺乏体育锻炼)与大学生不吃早餐行为有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生不吃早餐的风险高于女生[OR=1.785,95%CI(1.471,2.166)];院校类别是不吃早餐的影响因素,医学类院校早餐就餐率高于非医学类[OR=0.526,95%CI(0.424,0.652)];与大五相比,大一[OR=0.367,95%CI(0.235,0.574)]、大二[OR=0.416,95%CI(0.268,0.645)]、大三[OR=0.181,95%CI(0.097,0.338)]、大四[OR=0.452,95%CI(0.209,0.980)]不吃早餐的风险更低。母亲职业与不吃早餐行为有关,与母亲的其他职业相比,教师、医生、公务员为不吃早餐的危险因素[OR=1.888,95%CI(1.296,2.750)]。抑郁情绪及自杀相关行为均为不吃早餐的危险因素[OR=1.715,95%CI(1.342,2.193);OR=1.507,95%CI(1.144,1.984)];不健康减肥行为和缺乏体育锻炼与不吃早餐有关,大学生存在不健康减肥行为[OR=1.977,95%CI(1.383,2.824)]和缺乏体育锻炼[OR=1.876,95%CI(1.478,2.381)]不吃早餐的风险更高。结论:大学生不吃早餐行为与性别、院校类别、年级、母亲职业以及其他健康危险行为如抑郁情绪、自杀相关行为、不健康减肥行为、缺乏体育锻炼有关。高校及家长应密切关注大学生心理健康,鼓励大学生积极参加体育锻炼,并对其饮食习惯进行监督,从而改善不良早餐习惯。Objective:To understand the status of breakfast behavior and its influencing factors in college students for evidence to plan scientific strategies to improve their poor eating habits.Methods:By stratified-cluster sampling,we conducted a questionnaire survey on 4585 college students from 8 higher institutions in Wuhu area.The questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and health risk behaviors for Chinese adolescents.Results:The reported rate of skipping breakfast was 13.4%(559/4160)in college students.Univariate analysis showed that gender,types of higher institutions,grade,family location,family factors(family annual income,mother′s educational background,parental occupation),and other health risk behaviors(depression,suicide-related behavior,unhealthy weight loss behavior,lack of physical exercise)were related to the skipping breakfast behavior in college students(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the incidence of skipping breakfast was higher in males than in females[OR=1.785,95%CI(1.471,2.166)].Type of higher institution was a factor affecting behavior of skipping breakfast,and students in medical colleges had higher rate of breakfast intake than those from other institutions[OR=0.526,95%CI(0.424,0.652)].The incidence of skipping breakfast was lower in freshmen[OR=0.367,95%CI(0.235,0.574)],sophomores[OR=0.416,95%CI(0.268,0.645)],juniors[OR=0.181,95%CI(0.097,0.338)]and seniors[OR=0.452,95%CI(0.209,0.980)]compared to that of students in their fifth academic year.The occupation of mother was related to the behavior of skipping breakfast,and compared with other occupations,mother being teachers,doctors and civil servants was risk factors for student to skip breakfast[OR=1.888,95%CI(1.296,2.750)].Depression and suicide-related behavior were also the risks for skipping breakfast[OR=1.715,95%CI(1.342,2.193),OR=1.507,95%CI(1.144,1.984)].Unhealthy weight loss behavior and lack of physical exercise were obviously related to skipping breakfast,and the risks were higher in the

关 键 词：大学生 早餐行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.9[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]