虚构真假和反事实条件句  

Fictitious Truth and Counterfactuals

作　　者：邢锟 XING Kun(School of Politics and Public Administration,Anyang Normal University,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳师范学院政治与公共管理学院,安阳455000

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2020年第9期13-18,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：反事实条件句等句子经常谈论虚构事实,即现实世界中未发生的事实。20世纪中期以来,理解虚构事实的主流理论是可能世界语义学。该语义学将虚构事实理解为与现实世界不同的可能世界中发生的事实。然而,这种理解在有些情况下并不合适。恰当地理解某些陈述虚构事实的句子的一种方法是引入虚构真假,同时将传统语义学中的真假理解为实际真假;换而言之,将古典逻辑的二元真值扩充为四元真值。这种扩充可以让我们更好地理解反事实条件句。Counterfactuals and many other natural language sentences often talk about fictitious facts, facts which have never happened in the real world. Since the middle of the last century, Possible World Semantics has become the mainstream theory to understand those sentences, and it considers fictitious facts as facts happening in some possible worlds different to the real world. Nonetheless, such an understanding is inappropriate in some cases. To appropriately understand certain sentences talking about fictitious facts, one could introduce a new kind of truth, fictitious truth, and make the truth in traditional semantic theories be actual truth. In other words, we extend the binary truth to quaternary truth. This simple extension could also lead to a better understanding of counterfactuals.

关 键 词：虚构事实 虚构真假 反事实条件句 可能世界语义学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]