海蛇科毒素生化性质及作用机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Biochemical Properties and Action Mechanism of Hydrophiidae Toxins

作　　者：王湘君 王雅楠 陈文 罗蒙 林杰曼 WANG Xiangjun;WAN Yanan;CHEN Wen;LUO Meng;LIN Jieman(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Hainan Tropic Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Amphibian and Reptile Research,Hainan Tropic Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022,China;School Of Ocean Science and Technology,Hainan Tropic Ocean University,Sanya Hainan 572022,China;School of Life Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 201146,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院水产与生命学院,海南三亚572022 [2]海南热带海洋学院两栖爬行动物研究省级重点实验室,海南三亚572022 [3]海南热带海洋学院海洋科学技术学院,海南三亚572022 [4]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京201146

出　　处：《海南热带海洋学院学报》2020年第5期43-48,共6页Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2016009-2-1);三亚市专项科研试制项目(2016KS05);三亚市农业科技创新项目(2016NK13)。

摘　　要：主要是对多年以来的国内外海蛇科中常出现海蛇毒素现阶段研究成果,按物种进行统计和分析.通过查阅大量相关文献资料,发现我国常出现的海蛇科毒蛇较多的是扁尾海蛇属、真海蛇属.现阶段对蓝灰扁尾海蛇、扁尾海蛇和半环扁尾海蛇、棘鳞海蛇、棘眦海蛇、青环海蛇、青灰海蛇、平颏海蛇的研究最多,其余种类的研究较少.关于海蛇毒素的研究主要有各常见海蛇毒素类型、毒素结构、氨基酸序列、磷脂酶A2、理化性质、毒素作用机理等方面,尤其是对半环扁尾海蛇的神经毒素的研究较多.但在其毒汁成分分离纯化、活性筛选及作用机理等几个方面相对研究较少.同时对大多数蛇毒中磷脂酶A2进行了重点分析.国内海蛇毒素相关研究尚有欠缺;国外对其研究时间早、内容多,且种类丰富.我国海域有较长的海岸线和适宜海蛇的环境,因此我国在海蛇蛇毒的研究上存在非常大的发展前景.Collected and analyzed were,according to species,the current research result of Hydrophiidae venom—which is frequently found in the family of Hydrophiidaes—during a period of many years.Through reading a large number of relevant literature and consulting related materials,it was held that the most common Hydrophiidae in China are Laticauda and Hydrophis.At present level,most of the researches were conducted on Aticauda colubrine,Laticauda laticaudata,Laticauda semifasciat,Acalyptophis,Astrotia stokesii,Hydrophis cyanocinctus,Hydrophis caerulescens and Lapemis curtus,while the researches conducted on the rest of Hydrophiidae were much less.The researches were abundant on the Hydrophiidae venom,including those on types,structure,amino acid sequence,phospholipase A2,physical and chemical properties,mechanism of action of the venom,especially that on the neurotoxin of Laticauda semifasciat.However,there were much less researches on the separation and purification of the venom components,active screening and mechanism of action.At the same time,the pospholipase A2 in most snake venom was analyzed.There’s still a lack of research on the venom of Hydrophiidae at home,in contrast to the early and abundant researches abroad.With a long coastline and a suitable environment for Hydrophiidaes in the sea area of China,there is still a great prospect for the study of Hydrophiidae venom in China.

关 键 词：海蛇科 毒素 蛋白结构 氨基酸序列 毒素作用机理 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] Q178.53