小尺度试件材料力学性能测试拉伸机系统设计  

Design of tensile machine for testing mechanical properties of small scale specimens

作　　者：杨国太 刘旭 卢荣胜[2] YANG Guotai;LIU Xu;LU Rongsheng(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学机械与汽车工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]合肥工业大学仪器科学与光电工程学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《实验力学》2020年第5期925-934,共10页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(批准号:2013YQ220749);国家科技支撑项目(2011BAK15B07)资助。

摘　　要：针对小尺度试件材料力学性能测试中如何实现微小试样高分辨率的载荷和位移测量等难题,本文从试样测试的需求出发,设计了一种蜗轮蜗杆丝杠传动式单轴双向拉伸机,以PMAC运动控制卡为核心建立了拉伸机控制系统,结合拉伸机系统中各部件的控制要求完成PMAC端口的合理分配,并设计了拉伸机不同控制模式下的程序流程。在Visual Studio 2013 VC++开发环境下,采用模块化的设计方法,编写了能实现数据实时采集、曲线实时显示、运动程序灵活控制等功能的友好人机交互界面,并考虑程序不同状态之间的跳变过程,利用"状态迁移图"设计操作指令模块,保证系统足够安全。系统稳定工作情况下拉伸机最小拉伸速度为0.07μm/s,应用该拉伸机测试系统完成对铜箔试件的拉伸测试。实验结果表明,本文设计的拉伸机可以用于小尺度试件材料微小试样的力学性能测试。Aiming at solving the problems of high-resolution loading and displacement measurement during the test on mechanical properties of small scale specimens, a worm-gear screw driven single-axis biaxial tensile machine is designed. The control system of the tensile machine is established with the PMAC motion control card as the core. The optimal allocation of PMAC port is completed based on the control requirements of various components in the tensile machine, and the program under different control modes of tensile machine is designed. In the Visual Studio 2013 VC++ development environment, a friendly interactive interface which can realize real-time data acquisition, curve real-time display, and flexible control of motion programs is written according to a modular design method. Considering the jump between different states of the program, the operation instruction module is designed by the state transition diagram in order to ensure the sufficient safety of the system. The minimum tensile speed of the tensile machine is 0.07μm/sec under stable operation of the system. Finally, the tensile machine is used in the tensile testing of a copper specimen. The experimental results verify that the tensile machine system can be used for testing mechanical properties of small scale specimens.

关 键 词：PMAC 拉伸机 数控系统 状态迁移图 

分 类 号：TH879[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]