特色野菜的驯化栽培试验研究  

Experimental Study on Domestication and Cultivation of Characteristic Wild Vegetables

作　　者：王宝玲 丁健 门洪文 卢绪鹏 郭守鹏 WANG Bao-ling;DING Jian;MEN Hong-wen;LU Xu-peng;GUO Shou-peng(Jinan Agricultural Science Research Institute,Jinan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市农业科学研究院,山东济南250002

出　　处：《中国果菜》2020年第9期90-93,103,共5页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-05-08)。

摘　　要：野菜食用品质好,营养价值高,大部分还具有很好的药用价值和保健作用;同时也是蔬菜资源的一个重要组成部分,是培育蔬菜新品种的源泉。特色野菜的驯化栽培是一种低投入、高产出的种植模式,利用有机栽培技术,结合有机食品标准,对野菜品种进行研究,通过栽培试验,能逐步了解各种野菜品种对生长环境的需求。菜芙蓉、水芹菜和婆罗门参3种野菜日常适量食用是安全的,且亚硝酸盐和重金属含量都较低,营养价值高,具有药用价值和保健作用的特点,利用催芽试验,得出以下结论:水芹菜最适温度为22~24℃,低于22℃或高于24℃,发芽率和发芽势都显著降低;菜芙蓉在14~26℃均表现出很高的发芽率;婆罗门参的最适温度为18~22℃,高于或者低于这个范围,发芽率和发芽势降低,当温度大于26℃时,种子停止萌发。栽培密度上,水芹菜为10 cm×30 cm、菜芙蓉为50 cm×75 cm、婆罗门参为10 cm×25 cm。在肥料使用上,水芹菜每次采收后可追施尿素6 kg/667 m^2和硫酸钾复合肥5 kg/667 m^2,菜芙蓉和婆罗门参可每667 m^2施60~75 kg硫酸钾复合肥(N/P/K=15/15/15)作底肥。Wild vegetables have good edible quality and high nutritional value,most wild vegetables also have good medicinal value and health care function.Wild vegetable is an important part of vegetable resources,and also the source of cultivating new varieties of vegetables.The domestication and cultivation technique of characteristic wild vegetable is a low input and high yield cultivation method,which uses the organic cultivation technology,combines the organic food standard,carries on the research to the wild vegetable variety.Through cultivation experiments,we gradually understood the growth environment requirements of various wild vegetable varieties.In view of Oenanthe japonica,hibiscus manihot,Tragopogon porrifolius,the three kinds of wild vegetables are safe to eat in moderate amount everyday,and the contents of nitrate and heavy metals are low,and the nutritional value is high,which has the characteristics of medicinal value and health care function.The following conclusions were obtained by the experiment of accelerating germination:The optimum temperature of Oenanthe japonica was 22-24℃,the germination rate and germination potential decreased significantly below 22℃or above 24℃;The optimum temperature for the germination of hibiscus manihot showed great width,high germination rate was observed at 14-26℃;The optimum temperature of Tragopogon porrifolius was 18-22℃,above or below this temperature range,germination rate and germination potential decreased,when the temperature was above 26℃,the seeds stopped germinating.In terms of planting density,water celery was 10 cm×30 cm,hibiscus was 50 cm×75 cm,and Brahman ginseng was 10 cm×25 cm.For fertilizer application,6 kg/667 m^2 of urea and 5 kg/667 m^2 of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer could be applied to water celery after each harvest,and 60-75 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer(N/P/K=15/15/15)could be applied to cauliflower and Brahman ginseng per 667 m^2.

关 键 词：野菜 水芹菜 菜芙蓉 婆罗门参 驯化 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]